EC 1.1.1.21: aldose reductase

OxidoreductasesOpen in Browse

CatLog read 642 records for EC 1.1.1.21 from 41 papers, for 18 organisms. Names in these papers: aldose reductase, xylose reductase (CtXR, AKR2B5), aldose reductase-like protein AKR1B14, xylose reductase and 28 more.

Read from the paper by an AI model and checked against the paper by a second, separate AI run; code converted the units.

CatLog also holds 319 records for EC 1.1.1.21 that are not yet re-read: from its earlier version, built from the enzyme databases and partly checked against the papers. All records for EC 1.1.1.21 in Browse.

Papers

Papers with records for EC 1.1.1.21
Paper	Organisms	Records
Probing the substrate binding site of Candida tenuis xylose reductase (AKR2B5) with site-directed mutagenesis	Candida tenuis	62
Multiple forms of xylose reductase in Candida intermedia: comparison of their functional properties using quantitative structure-activity relationships, steady-state kinetic analysis, and pH studies	Candida intermedia	49
Rat aldose reductase-like protein (AKR1B14) efficiently reduces the lipid peroxidation product 4-oxo-2-nonenal	Rattus norvegicus	42
Xylose reductase from the Basidiomycete fungus Cryptococcus flavus: purification, steady-state kinetic characterization, and detailed analysis of the substrate binding pocket using…	Cryptococcus flavus	41
The coenzyme specificity of Candida tenuis xylose reductase (AKR2B5) explored by site-directed mutagenesis and X-ray crystallography	Candida tenuis	36
The use of fluoro- and deoxy-substrate analogs to examine binding specificity and catalysis in the enzymes of the sorbitol pathway	Bos taurus (bovine)	26
Studies of the enzymic mechanism of Candida tenuis xylose reductase (AKR 2B5): X-ray structure and catalytic reaction profile for the H113A mutant	Candida tenuis	25
The structure of Apo R268A human aldose reductase: hinges and latches that control the kinetic mechanism	Homo sapiens	24
Substrate specificity of human aldose reductase: identification of 4-hydroxynonenal as an endogenous substrate	Homo sapiens	24
Purification and Properties of an NADPH-Aldose Reductase (Aldehyde Reductase) from Euonymus japonica Leaves	Euonymus japonica	22
Kinetic studies of AKR1B10, human aldose reductase-like protein: endogenous substrates and inhibition by steroids	Homo sapiens	21
Tyrosine-48 is the proton donor and histidine-110 directs substrate stereochemical selectivity in the reduction reaction of human aldose reductase: enzyme kinetics and crystal structure of the Y48H…	Homo sapiens	19
Comparison of two models of surface display of xylose reductase in the Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell wall	Saccharomyces cerevisiae	18
Altering coenzyme specificity of Pichia stipitis xylose reductase by the semi-rational approach CASTing	Pichia stipitis	16
Purification and characterization of human-brain aldose reductase	Homo sapiens	16
doi:10.1039/c7ra01697b	Debaryomyces nepalensis	16
Effects of elevated glucose concentrations on the metabolism of the aortic wall	Oryctolagus cuniculus	14
Characterization and Purification of an Aldose Reductase from the Acidophilic and Thermophilic Red Alga Galdieria sulphuraria	Galdieria sulphuraria	12
Reduction of trioses by NADPH-dependent aldo-keto reductases. Aldose reductase, methylglyoxal, and diabetic complications	Homo sapiens	12
The D-xylose reductase of Hypocrea jecorina is the major aldose reductase in pentose and D-galactose catabolism and necessary for beta-galactosidase and cellulase induction by lactose	Hypocrea jecorina	12
Bovine lens aldehyde reductase (aldose reductase). Purification, kinetics and mechanism	Bos taurus	12
NAD(P)H-dependent aldose reductase from the xylose-assimilating yeast Candida tenuis. Isolation, characterization and biochemical properties of the enzyme	Candida tenuis	11
Substrate specificity and catalytic efficiency of aldo-keto reductases with phospholipid aldehydes	Homo sapiens, Mus musculus	10
Prostaglandin F2alpha synthase activities of aldo-keto reductase 1B1, 1B3 and 1B7	Homo sapiens, Mus musculus	9
Purification and characterization of human testis aldose and aldehyde reductase	Homo sapiens	9
Pig muscle aldehyde reductase. Identity of pig muscle aldehyde reductase with pig lens aldose reductase and with the low Km aldehyde reductase of pig brain and pig kidney	Sus scrofa	9
Identification and characterization of a novel human aldose reductase-like gene	Homo sapiens	9
Reversal of coenzyme specificity and improvement of catalytic efficiency of Pichia stipitis xylose reductase by rational site-directed mutagenesis	Pichia stipitis	8
Xylose reductase from the thermophilic fungus Talaromyces emersonii: cloning and heterologous expression of the native gene (Texr) and a double mutant (TexrK271R + N273D) with altered coenzyme…	Talaromyces emersonii	8
Purification and partial characterization of an aldo-keto reductase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae	Saccharomyces cerevisiae	8
Aldose reductase from human skeletal and heart muscle. Interconvertible forms related by thiol-disulfide exchange	Homo sapiens	7
Polyol-pathway enzymes of human brain. Partial purification and properties of aldose reductase and hexonate dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	6
Presence of a closely related subgroup in the aldo-ketoreductase family of the mouse	Mus musculus (mouse)	5
Structural and functional properties of aldose xylose reductase from the D-xylose-metabolizing yeast Candida tenuis	Candida tenuis	4
Electrostatic stabilization in a pre-organized polar active site: the catalytic role of Lys-80 in Candida tenuis xylose reductase (AKR2B5) probed by site-directed mutagenesis and functional…	Candida tenuis	4
Structural basis for the high all-trans-retinaldehyde reductase activity of the tumor marker AKR1B10	Homo sapiens	4
Substrate Specificity, Inhibitor Selectivity and Structure-Function Relationships of Aldo-Keto Reductase 1B15: A Novel Human Retinaldehyde Reductase	Homo sapiens	4
Reductases for aromatic aldehydes and ketones from rabbit liver. Purification and characterization	Oryctolagus cuniculus	3
Human testis specific protein: a new member of aldo-keto reductase superfamily	Homo sapiens	2
L-Idose: an attractive substrate alternative to D-glucose for measuring aldose reductase activity	Bos taurus	2
Comparative functional analysis of human medium-chain dehydrogenases, short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases and aldo-keto reductases with retinoids	Homo sapiens	1

Records

The first 500 of 642 records, by enzyme, organism and substrate; all of them in Browse.

Records for EC 1.1.1.21 read from the paper
Enzyme	Organism	Substrate	k_cat (s⁻¹)	K_m (mM)	k_cat/K_m (mM⁻¹ s⁻¹)	Conditions	Paper	Open record
AKR1B1 (aldose reductase)	Homo sapiens	(2E,6E)-3,7,11-trimethyldodeca-2,6,10-trien-1-ol (all-trans-farnesol)	0.032	0.083	0.33	pH 7.4, 25 °C	PMID 19464995	Open record: AKR1B1 (aldose reductase), (2E,6E)-3,7,11-trimethyldodeca-2,6,10-trien-1-ol (all-trans-farnesol)
AKR1B1 (aldose reductase)	Homo sapiens	(2E,6E)-3,7,11-trimethyldodeca-2,6,10-trienal (all-trans-farnesal)	0.45	0.037	12	pH 7.4, 25 °C	PMID 19464995	Open record: AKR1B1 (aldose reductase), (2E,6E)-3,7,11-trimethyldodeca-2,6,10-trienal (all-trans-farnesal)
AKR1B1 (aldose reductase)	Homo sapiens	(R)-2-hydroxypropanal (D-lactaldehyde)	0.42	0.011	38	pH 7.4, 25 °C	PMID 19464995	Open record: AKR1B1 (aldose reductase), (R)-2-hydroxypropanal (D-lactaldehyde)
AKR1B1 (aldose reductase)	Homo sapiens	(S)-all-trans-4-hydroxyretinaldehyde	0.0967	—	—	pH 7.5, 25 °C	PMID 18087047	Open record: AKR1B1 (aldose reductase), (S)-all-trans-4-hydroxyretinaldehyde
AKR1B1 (aldose reductase)	Homo sapiens	1-Butanal	0.63	0.01	63	pH 7.4, 25 °C	PMID 19464995	Open record: AKR1B1 (aldose reductase), 1-Butanal
AKR1B1 (aldose reductase)	Homo sapiens	1-Decanol	0.016	0.026	0.67	pH 7.4, 25 °C	PMID 19464995	Open record: AKR1B1 (aldose reductase), 1-Decanol
AKR1B1 (aldose reductase)	Homo sapiens	1-Hexanol	0.04	0.98	0.033	pH 7.4, 25 °C	PMID 19464995	Open record: AKR1B1 (aldose reductase), 1-Hexanol
AKR1B1 (aldose reductase)	Homo sapiens	1-Nonanol	0.032	0.14	0.17	pH 7.4, 25 °C	PMID 19464995	Open record: AKR1B1 (aldose reductase), 1-Nonanol
AKR1B1 (aldose reductase)	Homo sapiens	2,3-Hexanedione	0.82	0.017	48	pH 7.4, 25 °C	PMID 19464995	Open record: AKR1B1 (aldose reductase), 2,3-Hexanedione
AKR1B1 (aldose reductase)	Homo sapiens	21-Dehydrocortisol	0.22	5 × 10⁻⁴	430	pH 7.4, 25 °C	PMID 19464995	Open record: AKR1B1 (aldose reductase), 21-Dehydrocortisol
AKR1B1 (aldose reductase)	Homo sapiens	9-cis-retinaldehyde	0.012	4 × 10⁻⁴	25	pH 7.4, 37 °C	PMID 18087047	Open record: AKR1B1 (aldose reductase), 9-cis-retinaldehyde
AKR1B1 (aldose reductase)	Homo sapiens	all-trans-retinaldehyde	0.0062	—	—	pH 7.5, 25 °C	PMID 18087047	Open record: AKR1B1 (aldose reductase), all-trans-retinaldehyde
AKR1B1 (aldose reductase)	Homo sapiens	Benzaldehyde	1.52	0.021	72	pH 7.4, 25 °C	PMID 19464995	Open record: AKR1B1 (aldose reductase), Benzaldehyde
AKR1B1 (aldose reductase)	Homo sapiens	Benzyl alcohol	0.017	0.61	0.033	pH 7.4, 25 °C	PMID 19464995	Open record: AKR1B1 (aldose reductase), Benzyl alcohol
AKR1B1 (aldose reductase)	Homo sapiens	D,L-glyceraldehyde	0.52	0.05	11	pH 7.4, 37 °C	PMID 18087047	Open record: AKR1B1 (aldose reductase), D,L-glyceraldehyde
AKR1B1 (aldose reductase)	Homo sapiens	d-glucose	0.55	80	0.0069 calc.	pH 7.4, 25 °C	PMID 19464995	Open record: AKR1B1 (aldose reductase), d-glucose
AKR1B1 (aldose reductase)	Homo sapiens	Geraniol	0.22	0.5	0.5	pH 7.4, 25 °C	PMID 19464995	Open record: AKR1B1 (aldose reductase), Geraniol
AKR1B1 (aldose reductase)	Homo sapiens	Glycolaldehyde	0.3	0.094	3.3	pH 7.4, 25 °C	PMID 19464995	Open record: AKR1B1 (aldose reductase), Glycolaldehyde
AKR1B1 (aldose reductase)	Homo sapiens	Glyoxal	0.87	0.36	1.7	pH 7.4, 25 °C	PMID 19464995	Open record: AKR1B1 (aldose reductase), Glyoxal
AKR1B1 (aldose reductase)	Homo sapiens	Isatin	0.22	0.015	15	pH 7.4, 25 °C	PMID 19464995	Open record: AKR1B1 (aldose reductase), Isatin
AKR1B1 (aldose reductase)	Homo sapiens	Nerol	0.0107	0.057	0.17	pH 7.4, 25 °C	PMID 19464995	Open record: AKR1B1 (aldose reductase), Nerol
AKR1B1 (aldose reductase)	Homo sapiens	pyridine-3-carbaldehyde	1.02	0.01	102	pH 7.4, 25 °C	PMID 19464995	Open record: AKR1B1 (aldose reductase), pyridine-3-carbaldehyde
AKR1B1 (aldose reductase)	Homo sapiens	trans-2-Buten-1-al	0.52	0.068	8.3	pH 7.4, 25 °C	PMID 19464995	Open record: AKR1B1 (aldose reductase), trans-2-Buten-1-al
AKR1B1 (aldose reductase)	Homo sapiens	trans-2-Decen-1-al	0.67	0.0084	80	pH 7.4, 25 °C	PMID 19464995	Open record: AKR1B1 (aldose reductase), trans-2-Decen-1-al
AKR1B1 (aldose reductase)	Homo sapiens	trans-2-Hexen-1-al	0.27	0.009	30	pH 7.4, 25 °C	PMID 19464995	Open record: AKR1B1 (aldose reductase), trans-2-Hexen-1-al
AKR1B1 (human aldose reductase)	Homo sapiens	all-trans-retinal	0.0058	0.0011	5.3	pH 7.4, 37 °C	PMID 16787387	Open record: AKR1B1 (human aldose reductase), all-trans-retinal
AKR1B1 (human placental aldose reductase)	Homo sapiens	4-nitrobenzaldehyde	—	0.0116	—		PMID 19010934	Open record: AKR1B1 (human placental aldose reductase), 4-nitrobenzaldehyde
AKR1B1 (human placental aldose reductase)	Homo sapiens	NADPH	—	0.0057	—	pH 7, 37 °C	PMID 19010934	Open record: AKR1B1 (human placental aldose reductase), NADPH
AKR1B1 (human placental aldose reductase)	Homo sapiens	prostaglandin H2	—	0.0019	—	pH 7, 37 °C	PMID 19010934	Open record: AKR1B1 (human placental aldose reductase), prostaglandin H2
AKR1B3 (mouse kidney aldose reductase)	Mus musculus	4-nitrobenzaldehyde	—	0.0064	—		PMID 19010934	Open record: AKR1B3 (mouse kidney aldose reductase), 4-nitrobenzaldehyde
AKR1B3 (mouse kidney aldose reductase)	Mus musculus	NADPH	—	0.0074	—	pH 7, 37 °C	PMID 19010934	Open record: AKR1B3 (mouse kidney aldose reductase), NADPH
AKR1B3 (mouse kidney aldose reductase)	Mus musculus	prostaglandin H2	—	0.0093	—	pH 7, 37 °C	PMID 19010934	Open record: AKR1B3 (mouse kidney aldose reductase), prostaglandin H2
AKR1B7 (mouse vas deferens protein)	Mus musculus	4-nitrobenzaldehyde	—	0.009	—		PMID 19010934	Open record: AKR1B7 (mouse vas deferens protein), 4-nitrobenzaldehyde
AKR1B7 (mouse vas deferens protein)	Mus musculus	NADPH	—	0.0092	—	pH 7, 37 °C	PMID 19010934	Open record: AKR1B7 (mouse vas deferens protein), NADPH
AKR1B7 (mouse vas deferens protein)	Mus musculus	prostaglandin H2	—	0.0038	—	pH 7, 37 °C	PMID 19010934	Open record: AKR1B7 (mouse vas deferens protein), prostaglandin H2
AKR1B8 (FR-1, FGF-1-regulated protein-1)	Mus musculus	1-palmitoyl-2-(5-oxovaleroyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine	0.307	0.0148	20.7	pH 7, 37 °C	PMID 17381426	Open record: AKR1B8 (FR-1, FGF-1-regulated protein-1), 1-palmitoyl-2-(5-oxovaleroyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
AKR1B8 (FR-1, FGF-1-regulated protein-1)	Mus musculus	1-palmitoyl-2-(5-oxovaleroyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine	0.262	0.0152	17.2	pH 7, 37 °C	PMID 17381426	Open record: AKR1B8 (FR-1, FGF-1-regulated protein-1), 1-palmitoyl-2-(5-oxovaleroyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine
AKR1B8 (FR-1, FGF-1-regulated protein-1)	Mus musculus	1-palmitoyl-2-(7-oxoheptanoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine	0.24	0.0196	12.2	pH 7, 37 °C	PMID 17381426	Open record: AKR1B8 (FR-1, FGF-1-regulated protein-1), 1-palmitoyl-2-(7-oxoheptanoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
AKR1B8 (FR-1, FGF-1-regulated protein-1)	Mus musculus	1-palmitoyl-2-(9-oxononanoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine	0.21	0.0178	11.7	pH 7, 37 °C	PMID 17381426	Open record: AKR1B8 (FR-1, FGF-1-regulated protein-1), 1-palmitoyl-2-(9-oxononanoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
AKR1B8 (FR-1, FGF-1-regulated protein-1)	Mus musculus	Glyceraldehyde	0.407	1.3	0.32	pH 7, 25 °C	PMID 17381426	Open record: AKR1B8 (FR-1, FGF-1-regulated protein-1), Glyceraldehyde
aldehyde reductase (aldose reductase)	Bos taurus	3-O-methyl-D-glucose	0.06	150	4 × 10⁻⁴	pH 6.2, 37 °C	PMID 6426471	Open record: aldehyde reductase (aldose reductase), 3-O-methyl-D-glucose
aldehyde reductase (aldose reductase)	Bos taurus	4-nitrobenzaldehyde	0.27	0.03	9	pH 6.2, 37 °C	PMID 6426471	Open record: aldehyde reductase (aldose reductase), 4-nitrobenzaldehyde
aldehyde reductase (aldose reductase)	Bos taurus	D-glucoseTable 2	0.3	120	0.0025	pH 6.2, 37 °C	PMID 6426471	Open record: aldehyde reductase (aldose reductase), D-glucose
aldehyde reductase (aldose reductase)	Bos taurus	D-glucosein the text	—	21.8	—	pH 6.2, 37 °C	PMID 6426471	Open record: aldehyde reductase (aldose reductase), D-glucose
aldehyde reductase (aldose reductase)	Bos taurus	D-glucuronate	0.25	4.3	0.058	pH 6.2, 37 °C	PMID 6426471	Open record: aldehyde reductase (aldose reductase), D-glucuronate
aldehyde reductase (aldose reductase)	Bos taurus	DL-glyceraldehyde	0.77	—	—	pH 6.2, 37 °C	PMID 6426471	Open record: aldehyde reductase (aldose reductase), DL-glyceraldehyde
aldehyde reductase (aldose reductase)	Bos taurus	DL-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate	0.08	0.2	0.4	pH 6.2, 37 °C	PMID 6426471	Open record: aldehyde reductase (aldose reductase), DL-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate
aldehyde reductase (aldose reductase)	Bos taurus	Fructose	0.015	23	0.0065	pH 6.2, 37 °C	PMID 6426471	Open record: aldehyde reductase (aldose reductase), Fructose
aldehyde reductase (aldose reductase)	Bos taurus	Malondialdehyde	0.13	0.25	0.52	pH 6.2, 37 °C	PMID 6426471	Open record: aldehyde reductase (aldose reductase), Malondialdehyde
aldehyde reductase (aldose reductase)	Bos taurus	NADH	—	1.64	—	pH 6.2, 37 °C	PMID 6426471	Open record: aldehyde reductase (aldose reductase), NADH
aldehyde reductase (aldose reductase)	Bos taurus	NADPHcoenzyme varied	0.28	0.009	31	pH 6.2, 37 °C	PMID 6426471	Open record: aldehyde reductase (aldose reductase), NADPH
aldehyde reductase (aldose reductase)	Bos taurus	NADPHcosubstrate D-glucose	—	0.0082	—	pH 6.2, 37 °C	PMID 6426471	Open record: aldehyde reductase (aldose reductase), NADPH
aldehyde reductase F2	Oryctolagus cuniculus	D-galacturonate	—	4.4	—	pH 6, 25 °C	PMID 7390984	Open record: aldehyde reductase F2, D-galacturonate
aldehyde reductase F2	Oryctolagus cuniculus	DL-glyceraldehyde	—	1.7	—	pH 6, 25 °C	PMID 7390984	Open record: aldehyde reductase F2, DL-glyceraldehyde
aldehyde reductase F2	Oryctolagus cuniculus	octanal	—	0.63	—	pH 6, 25 °C	PMID 7390984	Open record: aldehyde reductase F2, octanal
alditol:NADP oxidoreductase (aldose reductase)	Oryctolagus cuniculus	D-Arabinose	—	110	—	pH 6.2, 30 °C	PMID 4640951	Open record: alditol:NADP oxidoreductase (aldose reductase), D-Arabinose
alditol:NADP oxidoreductase (aldose reductase)	Oryctolagus cuniculus	D-Erythrose	—	0.23	—	pH 6.2, 30 °C	PMID 4640951	Open record: alditol:NADP oxidoreductase (aldose reductase), D-Erythrose
alditol:NADP oxidoreductase (aldose reductase)	Oryctolagus cuniculus	D-Galactose	—	290	—	pH 6.2, 30 °C	PMID 4640951	Open record: alditol:NADP oxidoreductase (aldose reductase), D-Galactose
alditol:NADP oxidoreductase (aldose reductase)	Oryctolagus cuniculus	D-Galacturonic acid	—	56	—	pH 6.2, 30 °C	PMID 4640951	Open record: alditol:NADP oxidoreductase (aldose reductase), D-Galacturonic acid
alditol:NADP oxidoreductase (aldose reductase)	Oryctolagus cuniculus	D-Glucose	—	56	—	pH 6.2, 30 °C	PMID 4640951	Open record: alditol:NADP oxidoreductase (aldose reductase), D-Glucose
alditol:NADP oxidoreductase (aldose reductase)	Oryctolagus cuniculus	D-Glucuronic acid	—	37	—	pH 6.2, 30 °C	PMID 4640951	Open record: alditol:NADP oxidoreductase (aldose reductase), D-Glucuronic acid
alditol:NADP oxidoreductase (aldose reductase)	Oryctolagus cuniculus	D-Glucuronolactone	—	6	—	pH 6.2, 30 °C	PMID 4640951	Open record: alditol:NADP oxidoreductase (aldose reductase), D-Glucuronolactone
alditol:NADP oxidoreductase (aldose reductase)	Oryctolagus cuniculus	D-Glyceraldehyde	—	0.12	—	pH 6.2, 30 °C	PMID 4640951	Open record: alditol:NADP oxidoreductase (aldose reductase), D-Glyceraldehyde
alditol:NADP oxidoreductase (aldose reductase)	Oryctolagus cuniculus	D-Lyxose	—	70	—	pH 6.2, 30 °C	PMID 4640951	Open record: alditol:NADP oxidoreductase (aldose reductase), D-Lyxose
alditol:NADP oxidoreductase (aldose reductase)	Oryctolagus cuniculus	D-Mannose	—	350	—	pH 6.2, 30 °C	PMID 4640951	Open record: alditol:NADP oxidoreductase (aldose reductase), D-Mannose
alditol:NADP oxidoreductase (aldose reductase)	Oryctolagus cuniculus	D-Ribose	—	20	—	pH 6.2, 30 °C	PMID 4640951	Open record: alditol:NADP oxidoreductase (aldose reductase), D-Ribose
alditol:NADP oxidoreductase (aldose reductase)	Oryctolagus cuniculus	D-Xylose	—	15	—	pH 6.2, 30 °C	PMID 4640951	Open record: alditol:NADP oxidoreductase (aldose reductase), D-Xylose
alditol:NADP oxidoreductase (aldose reductase)	Oryctolagus cuniculus	L-Arabinose	—	42	—	pH 6.2, 30 °C	PMID 4640951	Open record: alditol:NADP oxidoreductase (aldose reductase), L-Arabinose
alditol:NADP oxidoreductase (aldose reductase)	Oryctolagus cuniculus	NADPH	—	0.006	—	pH 6.2, 30 °C	PMID 4640951	Open record: alditol:NADP oxidoreductase (aldose reductase), NADPH
aldo-keto reductase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae	4-nitrobenzaldehyde	2.37	0.046	52.1	pH 5, 30 °C	PMID 7747971	Open record: aldo-keto reductase, 4-nitrobenzaldehyde
aldo-keto reductase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae	D-Glucose	0.71	9.34	0.076	pH 5, 30 °C	PMID 7747971	Open record: aldo-keto reductase, D-Glucose
aldo-keto reductase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae	D-Glyceraldehyde	3.32	1.57	2.12	pH 5, 30 °C	PMID 7747971	Open record: aldo-keto reductase, D-Glyceraldehyde
aldo-keto reductase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae	D-Xylose	3.37	27.9	0.12	pH 5, 30 °C	PMID 7747971	Open record: aldo-keto reductase, D-Xylose
aldo-keto reductase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae	DL-Glyceraldehyde	2.58	1.44	1.79	pH 5, 30 °C	PMID 7747971	Open record: aldo-keto reductase, DL-Glyceraldehyde
aldo-keto reductase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae	L-Arabinose	1.61	32.63	0.049	pH 5, 30 °C	PMID 7747971	Open record: aldo-keto reductase, L-Arabinose
aldo-keto reductase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae	L-Glyceraldehyde	2.5	6.38	0.39	pH 5, 30 °C	PMID 7747971	Open record: aldo-keto reductase, L-Glyceraldehyde
aldo-keto reductase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae	NADPH	—	0.013	—	pH 5, 30 °C	PMID 7747971	Open record: aldo-keto reductase, NADPH
aldose reductase	Bos taurus (bovine)	2-deoxy-2-fluoro-D-glucose	0.05	12.5	0.0040 calc.	pH 7.2, 27 °C	PMID 10209867	Open record: aldose reductase, 2-deoxy-2-fluoro-D-glucose
aldose reductase	Bos taurus (bovine)	2-deoxy-D-glucose	0.185	—	—	pH 7.2, 27 °C	PMID 10209867	Open record: aldose reductase, 2-deoxy-D-glucose
aldose reductase	Bos taurus (bovine)	2-deoxy-D-glucoseapparent Km	—	10.4	—	pH 7.2, 27 °C	PMID 10209867	Open record: aldose reductase, 2-deoxy-D-glucose
aldose reductase	Bos taurus (bovine)	2-deoxy-D-glucose	—	0.0759	—	pH 7.2, 27 °C	PMID 10209867	Open record: aldose reductase, 2-deoxy-D-glucose
aldose reductase	Bos taurus (bovine)	2-deoxy-D-glucose	—	—	2.43	pH 7.2, 27 °C	PMID 10209867	Open record: aldose reductase, 2-deoxy-D-glucose
aldose reductase	Bos taurus (bovine)	3-deoxy-3-fluoro-D-glucose	0.275	—	—	pH 7.2, 27 °C	PMID 10209867	Open record: aldose reductase, 3-deoxy-3-fluoro-D-glucose
aldose reductase	Bos taurus (bovine)	3-deoxy-3-fluoro-D-glucoseapparent Km	—	0.31	—	pH 7.2, 27 °C	PMID 10209867	Open record: aldose reductase, 3-deoxy-3-fluoro-D-glucose
aldose reductase	Bos taurus (bovine)	3-deoxy-3-fluoro-D-glucose	—	7.4 × 10⁻⁴	—	pH 7.2, 27 °C	PMID 10209867	Open record: aldose reductase, 3-deoxy-3-fluoro-D-glucose
aldose reductase	Bos taurus (bovine)	3-deoxy-3-fluoro-D-glucose	—	—	372	pH 7.2, 27 °C	PMID 10209867	Open record: aldose reductase, 3-deoxy-3-fluoro-D-glucose
aldose reductase	Bos taurus (bovine)	4-deoxy-4-fluoro-D-glucose	0.263	—	—	pH 7.2, 27 °C	PMID 10209867	Open record: aldose reductase, 4-deoxy-4-fluoro-D-glucose
aldose reductase	Bos taurus (bovine)	4-deoxy-4-fluoro-D-glucoseapparent Km	—	0.54	—	pH 7.2, 27 °C	PMID 10209867	Open record: aldose reductase, 4-deoxy-4-fluoro-D-glucose
aldose reductase	Bos taurus (bovine)	4-deoxy-4-fluoro-D-glucose	—	0.0039	—	pH 7.2, 27 °C	PMID 10209867	Open record: aldose reductase, 4-deoxy-4-fluoro-D-glucose
aldose reductase	Bos taurus (bovine)	4-deoxy-4-fluoro-D-glucose	—	—	67.5	pH 7.2, 27 °C	PMID 10209867	Open record: aldose reductase, 4-deoxy-4-fluoro-D-glucose
aldose reductase	Bos taurus (bovine)	5-thio-D-glucose	0.21	—	—	pH 7.2, 27 °C	PMID 10209867	Open record: aldose reductase, 5-thio-D-glucose
aldose reductase	Bos taurus (bovine)	5-thio-D-glucoseapparent Km	—	6.3	—	pH 7.2, 27 °C	PMID 10209867	Open record: aldose reductase, 5-thio-D-glucose
aldose reductase	Bos taurus (bovine)	5-thio-D-glucose	—	0.0315	—	pH 7.2, 27 °C	PMID 10209867	Open record: aldose reductase, 5-thio-D-glucose
aldose reductase	Bos taurus (bovine)	5-thio-D-glucose	—	—	6.7	pH 7.2, 27 °C	PMID 10209867	Open record: aldose reductase, 5-thio-D-glucose
aldose reductase	Bos taurus (bovine)	6-deoxy-6-fluoro-D-glucose	0.252	3.1	0.081 calc.	pH 7.2, 27 °C	PMID 10209867	Open record: aldose reductase, 6-deoxy-6-fluoro-D-glucose
aldose reductase	Bos taurus (bovine)	6-deoxy-D-glucose	0.192	—	—	pH 7.2, 27 °C	PMID 10209867	Open record: aldose reductase, 6-deoxy-D-glucose
aldose reductase	Bos taurus (bovine)	6-deoxy-D-glucoseapparent Km	—	9.8	—	pH 7.2, 27 °C	PMID 10209867	Open record: aldose reductase, 6-deoxy-D-glucose
aldose reductase	Bos taurus (bovine)	6-deoxy-D-glucose	—	0.0196	—	pH 7.2, 27 °C	PMID 10209867	Open record: aldose reductase, 6-deoxy-D-glucose
aldose reductase	Bos taurus (bovine)	6-deoxy-D-glucose	—	—	9.78	pH 7.2, 27 °C	PMID 10209867	Open record: aldose reductase, 6-deoxy-D-glucose
aldose reductase	Bos taurus (bovine)	D-glucose	0.252	—	—	pH 7.2, 27 °C	PMID 10209867	Open record: aldose reductase, D-glucose
aldose reductase	Bos taurus (bovine)	D-glucoseapparent Km	—	12.9	—	pH 7.2, 27 °C	PMID 10209867	Open record: aldose reductase, D-glucose
aldose reductase	Bos taurus (bovine)	D-glucose	—	0.0323	—	pH 7.2, 27 °C	PMID 10209867	Open record: aldose reductase, D-glucose
aldose reductase	Bos taurus (bovine)	D-glucose	—	—	7.78	pH 7.2, 27 °C	PMID 10209867	Open record: aldose reductase, D-glucose
aldose reductase	Candida tenuis	D-xylose50 mM phosphate buffer; xylose reduction; D-xylose varied	18.2	87	0.21	pH 7, 25 °C	PMID 9307017	Open record: aldose reductase, D-xylose
aldose reductase	Candida tenuis	D-xylose50 mM phosphate buffer; xylose reduction; D-xylose varied	21.5	72	0.296	pH 7, 25 °C	PMID 9307017	Open record: aldose reductase, D-xylose
aldose reductase	Candida tenuis	D-xylose50 mM sodium phosphate buffer; D-xylose reduction with NADH	17	75.6	0.23 calc.	pH 7, 25 °C	PMID 9307017	Open record: aldose reductase, D-xylose
aldose reductase	Candida tenuis	NAD+50 mM phosphate buffer; xylitol oxidation; NAD+ varied	0.89	0.0587	15.2	pH 7, 25 °C	PMID 9307017	Open record: aldose reductase, NAD+
aldose reductase	Candida tenuis	NAD+50 mM sodium phosphate buffer; xylitol oxidation with NAD+	—	0.027	—	pH 7, 25 °C	PMID 9307017	Open record: aldose reductase, NAD+
aldose reductase	Candida tenuis	NADH50 mM phosphate buffer; xylose reduction; NADH varied	18.1	0.0254	713	pH 7, 25 °C	PMID 9307017	Open record: aldose reductase, NADH
aldose reductase	Candida tenuis	NADH50 mM sodium phosphate buffer; D-xylose reduction with NADH	—	0.015	—	pH 7, 25 °C	PMID 9307017	Open record: aldose reductase, NADH
aldose reductase	Candida tenuis	NADP+	0.82	0.0266	30.9	pH 7, 25 °C	PMID 9307017	Open record: aldose reductase, NADP+
aldose reductase	Candida tenuis	NADPH	21.9	0.0048	4.61 × 10³	pH 7, 25 °C	PMID 9307017	Open record: aldose reductase, NADPH
aldose reductase	Candida tenuis	xylitol50 mM phosphate buffer; xylitol oxidation; xylitol varied	0.87	257	0.00339	pH 7, 25 °C	PMID 9307017	Open record: aldose reductase, xylitol
aldose reductase	Candida tenuis	xylitol50 mM sodium phosphate buffer; xylitol oxidation with NAD+	1.07	208.9	0.00512 calc.	pH 7, 25 °C	PMID 9307017	Open record: aldose reductase, xylitol
aldose reductase	Homo sapiens	1-hydroxypropan-2-one	1.22	2.2	0.57	pH 7, 25 °C	PMID 1537826	Open record: aldose reductase, 1-hydroxypropan-2-one
aldose reductase	Homo sapiens	1-hydroxypropan-2-oneoxidized aldose reductase	0.45	1.5	0.3	pH 7, 25 °C	PMID 1537826	Open record: aldose reductase, 1-hydroxypropan-2-one
aldose reductase	Homo sapiens	1-naphthaldehyde	2.6	0.008	330	pH 7, 25 °C	PMID 7599164	Open record: aldose reductase, 1-naphthaldehyde
aldose reductase	Homo sapiens	11β,17β,20α-trihydroxy-3-oxo-pregn-4-en-21-al	0.64	—	—	pH 7	PMID 6814912	Open record: aldose reductase, 11β,17β,20α-trihydroxy-3-oxo-pregn-4-en-21-al
aldose reductase	Homo sapiens	11β,20α-dihydroxy-3-oxo-pregn-4-en-21-al	0.64	—	—	pH 7	PMID 6814912	Open record: aldose reductase, 11β,20α-dihydroxy-3-oxo-pregn-4-en-21-al
aldose reductase	Homo sapiens	2,4,6-trimethylphenylglyoxal	1.62	0.002	820	pH 7, 25 °C	PMID 7599164	Open record: aldose reductase, 2,4,6-trimethylphenylglyoxal
aldose reductase	Homo sapiens	2,4-dimethylphenylglyoxal	1.2	0.006	200	pH 7, 25 °C	PMID 7599164	Open record: aldose reductase, 2,4-dimethylphenylglyoxal
aldose reductase	Homo sapiens	2-chlorobenzaldehyde	2.3	0.014	165	pH 7, 25 °C	PMID 7599164	Open record: aldose reductase, 2-chlorobenzaldehyde
aldose reductase	Homo sapiens	2-naphthaldehyde	3.38	0.002	1.7 × 10³	pH 7, 25 °C	PMID 7599164	Open record: aldose reductase, 2-naphthaldehyde
aldose reductase	Homo sapiens	3-methoxyphenylglyoxal	1.42	0.002	720	pH 7, 25 °C	PMID 7599164	Open record: aldose reductase, 3-methoxyphenylglyoxal
aldose reductase	Homo sapiens	4-benzoyloxyphenylglyoxal	1.53	0.002	770	pH 7, 25 °C	PMID 7599164	Open record: aldose reductase, 4-benzoyloxyphenylglyoxal
aldose reductase	Homo sapiens	4-bromophenylglyoxal	1.7	0.002	830	pH 7, 25 °C	PMID 7599164	Open record: aldose reductase, 4-bromophenylglyoxal
aldose reductase	Homo sapiens	4-chlorobenzaldehyde	2.7	0.007	380	pH 7, 25 °C	PMID 7599164	Open record: aldose reductase, 4-chlorobenzaldehyde
aldose reductase	Homo sapiens	4-chlorophenylglyoxal	0.75	0.001	750	pH 7, 25 °C	PMID 7599164	Open record: aldose reductase, 4-chlorophenylglyoxal
aldose reductase	Homo sapiens	4-hydroxynon-2-enal	1.7	0.022	77	pH 7, 25 °C	PMID 7599164	Open record: aldose reductase, 4-hydroxynon-2-enal
aldose reductase	Homo sapiens	4-Hydroxyphenylacetaldehyde	0.59	0.01	59 calc.	pH 7	PMID 6814912	Open record: aldose reductase, 4-Hydroxyphenylacetaldehyde
aldose reductase	Homo sapiens	4-Hydroxyphenylglycolaldehyde	0.47	0.003	160 calc.	pH 7	PMID 6814912	Open record: aldose reductase, 4-Hydroxyphenylglycolaldehyde
aldose reductase	Homo sapiens	4-methoxyphenylglyoxal	0.75	0.002	380	pH 7, 25 °C	PMID 7599164	Open record: aldose reductase, 4-methoxyphenylglyoxal
aldose reductase	Homo sapiens	4-methylphenylglyoxal	1.98	0.002	1 × 10³	pH 7, 25 °C	PMID 7599164	Open record: aldose reductase, 4-methylphenylglyoxal
aldose reductase	Homo sapiens	4-nitrobenzaldehydenative aldose reductase	2.7	0.003	890 calc.	pH 7, 25 °C	PMID 2174432	Open record: aldose reductase, 4-nitrobenzaldehyde
aldose reductase	Homo sapiens	4-nitrobenzaldehydepurified from human muscle	1.78	0.032	56 calc.	pH 7, 25 °C	PMID 2174432	Open record: aldose reductase, 4-nitrobenzaldehyde
aldose reductase	Homo sapiens	4-nitrobenzaldehyde	—	0.011	—	pH 6.2, 30 °C	PMID 6773519	Open record: aldose reductase, 4-nitrobenzaldehyde
aldose reductase	Homo sapiens	4-Nitrobenzaldehyde	0.73	0.002	360 calc.	pH 7	PMID 6814912	Open record: aldose reductase, 4-Nitrobenzaldehyde
aldose reductase	Homo sapiens	4-nitrobenzaldehyde	2.7	0.003	880	pH 7, 25 °C	PMID 7599164	Open record: aldose reductase, 4-nitrobenzaldehyde
aldose reductase	Homo sapiens	4-phenylphenylglyoxal	1.37	0.001	1.37 × 10³	pH 7, 25 °C	PMID 7599164	Open record: aldose reductase, 4-phenylphenylglyoxal
aldose reductase	Homo sapiens	Acetaldehyde	1.85	67	0.028	pH 7, 25 °C	PMID 7599164	Open record: aldose reductase, Acetaldehyde
aldose reductase	Homo sapiens	aldehydo-D-galactose	—	0.034	20.5	pH 6.2, 25 °C	PMID 1901806	Open record: aldose reductase, aldehydo-D-galactose
aldose reductase	Homo sapiens	aldehydo-D-glucose	—	0.0069	89	pH 6.2, 25 °C	PMID 1901806	Open record: aldose reductase, aldehydo-D-glucose
aldose reductase	Homo sapiens	Benzaldehyde	2.47	0.007	350	pH 7, 25 °C	PMID 7599164	Open record: aldose reductase, Benzaldehyde
aldose reductase	Homo sapiens	D-Galactose	0.702	49.3	0.014	pH 6.2, 25 °C	PMID 1901806	Open record: aldose reductase, D-Galactose
aldose reductase	Homo sapiens	D-Galactose	0.4	40	0.010 calc.	pH 7	PMID 6814912	Open record: aldose reductase, D-Galactose
aldose reductase	Homo sapiens	D-Glucose	0.614	57.3	0.011	pH 6.2, 25 °C	PMID 1901806	Open record: aldose reductase, D-Glucose
aldose reductase	Homo sapiens	D-glucose	1.3	68	0.018	pH 7, 25 °C	PMID 2174432	Open record: aldose reductase, D-glucose
aldose reductase	Homo sapiens	D-Glucose	—	90	—	pH 6.2, 30 °C	PMID 6773519	Open record: aldose reductase, D-Glucose
aldose reductase	Homo sapiens	D-Glucose	0.44	95	0.0046 calc.	pH 7	PMID 6814912	Open record: aldose reductase, D-Glucose
aldose reductase	Homo sapiens	D-Glucuronate	0.697	5.05	0.138	pH 6.2, 25 °C	PMID 1901806	Open record: aldose reductase, D-Glucuronate
aldose reductase	Homo sapiens	D-Glucuronate	—	33	—	pH 6.2, 30 °C	PMID 6773519	Open record: aldose reductase, D-Glucuronate
aldose reductase	Homo sapiens	D-Glucuronate	0.42	5	0.084 calc.	pH 7	PMID 6814912	Open record: aldose reductase, D-Glucuronate
aldose reductase	Homo sapiens	D-glucuronic acidnative aldose reductase	1.95	2.6	0.75	pH 7, 25 °C	PMID 2174432	Open record: aldose reductase, D-glucuronic acid
aldose reductase	Homo sapiens	D-glucuronic acidpurified from human muscle	0.42	39	0.011 calc.	pH 7, 25 °C	PMID 2174432	Open record: aldose reductase, D-glucuronic acid
aldose reductase	Homo sapiens	D-Glyceraldehyde	2	0.016	125	pH 7, 25 °C	PMID 1537826	Open record: aldose reductase, D-Glyceraldehyde
aldose reductase	Homo sapiens	D-Glyceraldehyde	0.55	0.035	16 calc.	pH 7	PMID 6814912	Open record: aldose reductase, D-Glyceraldehyde
aldose reductase	Homo sapiens	D-Lactaldehyde	1.25	0.079	15.8	pH 7, 25 °C	PMID 1537826	Open record: aldose reductase, D-Lactaldehyde
aldose reductase	Homo sapiens	D-Lactaldehydeoxidized aldose reductase	0.95	0.088	10.8	pH 7, 25 °C	PMID 1537826	Open record: aldose reductase, D-Lactaldehyde
aldose reductase	Homo sapiens	D-lyxose	0.16	2.63 × 10³	6 × 10⁻⁵	pH 7, 25 °C	PMID 8117659	Open record: aldose reductase, D-lyxose
aldose reductase	Homo sapiens	D-Xylose	0.633	6.2	0.102	pH 6.2, 25 °C	PMID 1901806	Open record: aldose reductase, D-Xylose
aldose reductase	Homo sapiens	D-Xylose	—	16.3	—	pH 6.2, 30 °C	PMID 6773519	Open record: aldose reductase, D-Xylose
aldose reductase	Homo sapiens	D-Xylose	0.51	5.1	0.10 calc.	pH 7	PMID 6814912	Open record: aldose reductase, D-Xylose
aldose reductase	Homo sapiens	D-xylose	0.4	7.4	0.054	pH 7, 25 °C	PMID 8117659	Open record: aldose reductase, D-xylose
aldose reductase	Homo sapiens	D-xylose	0.3	6	0.05	pH 7, 25 °C	PMID 15769597	Open record: aldose reductase, D-xylose
aldose reductase	Homo sapiens	Dihydroxyacetone	0.9	2.5	0.35	pH 7, 25 °C	PMID 1537826	Open record: aldose reductase, Dihydroxyacetone
aldose reductase	Homo sapiens	dihydroxyacetone phosphate	1.15	2.5	0.45	pH 7, 25 °C	PMID 1537826	Open record: aldose reductase, dihydroxyacetone phosphate
aldose reductase	Homo sapiens	DL-Glyceraldehyde	0.672	0.026	25.85	pH 6.2, 25 °C	PMID 1901806	Open record: aldose reductase, DL-Glyceraldehyde
aldose reductase	Homo sapiens	DL-glyceraldehydenative aldose reductase	2.22	0.013	170	pH 7, 25 °C	PMID 2174432	Open record: aldose reductase, DL-glyceraldehyde
aldose reductase	Homo sapiens	DL-glyceraldehydepurified from human muscle	2.28	0.73	3.1 calc.	pH 7, 25 °C	PMID 2174432	Open record: aldose reductase, DL-glyceraldehyde
aldose reductase	Homo sapiens	DL-Glyceraldehyde	—	0.062	—	pH 6.2, 30 °C	PMID 6773519	Open record: aldose reductase, DL-Glyceraldehyde
aldose reductase	Homo sapiens	DL-Glyceraldehyde	0.64	0.025	26 calc.	pH 7	PMID 6814912	Open record: aldose reductase, DL-Glyceraldehyde
aldose reductase	Homo sapiens	DL-glyceraldehyde	0.24	—	4.3	25 °C	PMID 8117659	Open record: aldose reductase, DL-glyceraldehyde
aldose reductase	Homo sapiens	DL-glyceraldehyde	0.5	0.02	27	pH 7, 25 °C	PMID 15769597	Open record: aldose reductase, DL-glyceraldehyde
aldose reductase	Homo sapiens	DL-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate	1.6	2.1	0.75	pH 7, 25 °C	PMID 1537826	Open record: aldose reductase, DL-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate
aldose reductase	Homo sapiens	Formaldehyde	0.88	20.4	0.037	pH 7, 25 °C	PMID 7599164	Open record: aldose reductase, Formaldehyde
aldose reductase	Homo sapiens	Glycolaldehyde	1.77	0.112	15.8	pH 7, 25 °C	PMID 7599164	Open record: aldose reductase, Glycolaldehyde
aldose reductase	Homo sapiens	Glyoxal	2.57	0.514	5	pH 7, 25 °C	PMID 7599164	Open record: aldose reductase, Glyoxal
aldose reductase	Homo sapiens	Glyoxylic acid	1.18	1.06	1.12	pH 7, 25 °C	PMID 7599164	Open record: aldose reductase, Glyoxylic acid
aldose reductase	Homo sapiens	Indole-3-acetaldehyde	0.48	0.016	30 calc.	pH 7	PMID 6814912	Open record: aldose reductase, Indole-3-acetaldehyde
aldose reductase	Homo sapiens	L-Glyceraldehyde	1.37	0.042	33	pH 7, 25 °C	PMID 1537826	Open record: aldose reductase, L-Glyceraldehyde
aldose reductase	Homo sapiens	L-Glyceraldehyde	0.59	0.018	33 calc.	pH 7	PMID 6814912	Open record: aldose reductase, L-Glyceraldehyde
aldose reductase	Homo sapiens	L-Lactaldehyde	1.6	0.019	85	pH 7, 25 °C	PMID 1537826	Open record: aldose reductase, L-Lactaldehyde
aldose reductase	Homo sapiens	L-Xylose	0.28	100	0.0028 calc.	pH 7	PMID 6814912	Open record: aldose reductase, L-Xylose
aldose reductase	Homo sapiens	L-xylose	0.23	111	0.0021	pH 7, 25 °C	PMID 8117659	Open record: aldose reductase, L-xylose
aldose reductase	Homo sapiens	Methylglyoxal	2.37	0.008	300	pH 7, 25 °C	PMID 1537826	Open record: aldose reductase, Methylglyoxal
aldose reductase	Homo sapiens	Methylglyoxaloxidized aldose reductase	2.65	2.4	1.1	pH 7, 25 °C	PMID 1537826	Open record: aldose reductase, Methylglyoxal
aldose reductase	Homo sapiens	NADH	—	0.25	—	pH 6.2, 25 °C	PMID 1901806	Open record: aldose reductase, NADH
aldose reductase	Homo sapiens	NADPH	—	0.0032	—	pH 6.2, 25 °C	PMID 1901806	Open record: aldose reductase, NADPH
aldose reductase	Homo sapiens	NADPH	—	0.0035	—	pH 6.2, 30 °C	PMID 6773519	Open record: aldose reductase, NADPH
aldose reductase	Homo sapiens	NADPH	—	0.002	—	pH 7	PMID 6814912	Open record: aldose reductase, NADPH
aldose reductase	Homo sapiens	Phenylacetaldehyde	2.58	0.008	320	pH 7, 25 °C	PMID 7599164	Open record: aldose reductase, Phenylacetaldehyde
aldose reductase	Homo sapiens	Phenylglyoxal	0.76	0.005	150 calc.	pH 7	PMID 6814912	Open record: aldose reductase, Phenylglyoxal
aldose reductase	Homo sapiens	Phenylglyoxal	1	0.004	250	pH 7, 25 °C	PMID 7599164	Open record: aldose reductase, Phenylglyoxal
aldose reductase	Homo sapiens	Propionaldehyde	1.87	1.7	1.08	pH 7, 25 °C	PMID 7599164	Open record: aldose reductase, Propionaldehyde
aldose reductasevariant C298A	Homo sapiens	D-xylose	3.3	400	0.0083	pH 7, 25 °C	PMID 15769597	Open record: aldose reductase variant C298A, D-xylose
aldose reductasevariant C298A	Homo sapiens	DL-glyceraldehyde	4	0.6	6.8	pH 7, 25 °C	PMID 15769597	Open record: aldose reductase variant C298A, DL-glyceraldehyde
aldose reductasevariant G213P	Homo sapiens	D-xylose	7	5 × 10³	0.0014	pH 7, 25 °C	PMID 15769597	Open record: aldose reductase variant G213P, D-xylose
aldose reductasevariant G213P	Homo sapiens	DL-glyceraldehyde	4.6	3.7	1.3	pH 7, 25 °C	PMID 15769597	Open record: aldose reductase variant G213P, DL-glyceraldehyde
aldose reductasevariant G213S	Homo sapiens	D-xylose	2.4	260	0.0089	pH 7, 25 °C	PMID 15769597	Open record: aldose reductase variant G213S, D-xylose
aldose reductasevariant G213S	Homo sapiens	DL-glyceraldehyde	3.7	0.42	9	pH 7, 25 °C	PMID 15769597	Open record: aldose reductase variant G213S, DL-glyceraldehyde
aldose reductasevariant H110A	Homo sapiens	4-nitrobenzaldehyde	0.03	0.19	0.146	pH 7, 25 °C	PMID 8117659	Open record: aldose reductase variant H110A, 4-nitrobenzaldehyde
aldose reductasevariant H110A	Homo sapiens	D-lyxose	0.005	2.74 × 10³	2 × 10⁻⁶	pH 7, 25 °C	PMID 8117659	Open record: aldose reductase variant H110A, D-lyxose
aldose reductasevariant H110A	Homo sapiens	D-xylose	0.017	1.34 × 10³	1.3 × 10⁻⁵	pH 7, 25 °C	PMID 8117659	Open record: aldose reductase variant H110A, D-xylose
aldose reductasevariant H110A	Homo sapiens	DL-glyceraldehyde	0.07	84	9 × 10⁻⁴	pH 7, 25 °C	PMID 8117659	Open record: aldose reductase variant H110A, DL-glyceraldehyde
aldose reductasevariant H110A	Homo sapiens	L-xylose	0.0012	360	3 × 10⁻⁶	pH 7, 25 °C	PMID 8117659	Open record: aldose reductase variant H110A, L-xylose
aldose reductasevariant H110Q	Homo sapiens	4-nitrobenzaldehyde	0.02	0.86	0.023	pH 7, 25 °C	PMID 8117659	Open record: aldose reductase variant H110Q, 4-nitrobenzaldehyde
aldose reductasevariant H110Q	Homo sapiens	D-lyxose	0.0075	506	1.4 × 10⁻⁵	pH 7, 25 °C	PMID 8117659	Open record: aldose reductase variant H110Q, D-lyxose
aldose reductasevariant H110Q	Homo sapiens	D-xylose	0.054	861	6.3 × 10⁻⁵	pH 7, 25 °C	PMID 8117659	Open record: aldose reductase variant H110Q, D-xylose
aldose reductasevariant H110Q	Homo sapiens	DL-glyceraldehyde	0.25	12	0.021	pH 7, 25 °C	PMID 8117659	Open record: aldose reductase variant H110Q, DL-glyceraldehyde
aldose reductasevariant H110Q	Homo sapiens	L-xylose	0.0065	1.19 × 10³	5.9 × 10⁻⁶	pH 7, 25 °C	PMID 8117659	Open record: aldose reductase variant H110Q, L-xylose
aldose reductasevariant R268A	Homo sapiens	D-xylose	0.2	8	0.035	pH 7, 25 °C	PMID 15769597	Open record: aldose reductase variant R268A, D-xylose
aldose reductasevariant R268A	Homo sapiens	DL-glyceraldehyde	0.38	0.05	8.5	pH 7, 25 °C	PMID 15769597	Open record: aldose reductase variant R268A, DL-glyceraldehyde
aldose reductasevariant R293A	Homo sapiens	D-xylose	0.11	2.1	0.055	pH 7, 25 °C	PMID 15769597	Open record: aldose reductase variant R293A, D-xylose
aldose reductasevariant R293A	Homo sapiens	DL-glyceraldehyde	0.16	0.02	9	pH 7, 25 °C	PMID 15769597	Open record: aldose reductase variant R293A, DL-glyceraldehyde
aldose reductasevariant S210A	Homo sapiens	D-xylose	1.6	58	0.029	pH 7, 25 °C	PMID 15769597	Open record: aldose reductase variant S210A, D-xylose
aldose reductasevariant S210A	Homo sapiens	DL-glyceraldehyde	2	0.11	17	pH 7, 25 °C	PMID 15769597	Open record: aldose reductase variant S210A, DL-glyceraldehyde
aldose reductasevariant S214A	Homo sapiens	D-xylose	1.5	48	0.032	pH 7, 25 °C	PMID 15769597	Open record: aldose reductase variant S214A, D-xylose
aldose reductasevariant S214A	Homo sapiens	DL-glyceraldehyde	2.1	0.13	16	pH 7, 25 °C	PMID 15769597	Open record: aldose reductase variant S214A, DL-glyceraldehyde
aldose reductasevariant S226A	Homo sapiens	D-xylose	0.45	11	0.042	pH 7, 25 °C	PMID 15769597	Open record: aldose reductase variant S226A, D-xylose
aldose reductasevariant S226A	Homo sapiens	DL-glyceraldehyde	0.54	0.03	16	pH 7, 25 °C	PMID 15769597	Open record: aldose reductase variant S226A, DL-glyceraldehyde
aldose reductasevariant W219A	Homo sapiens	D-xylose	0.3	9.2	0.033	pH 7, 25 °C	PMID 15769597	Open record: aldose reductase variant W219A, D-xylose
aldose reductasevariant W219A	Homo sapiens	DL-glyceraldehyde	0.32	0.02	16	pH 7, 25 °C	PMID 15769597	Open record: aldose reductase variant W219A, DL-glyceraldehyde
aldose reductasevariant W219E	Homo sapiens	D-xylose	0.07	5.6	0.012	pH 7, 25 °C	PMID 15769597	Open record: aldose reductase variant W219E, D-xylose
aldose reductasevariant W219E	Homo sapiens	DL-glyceraldehyde	0.09	0.02	3.8	pH 7, 25 °C	PMID 15769597	Open record: aldose reductase variant W219E, DL-glyceraldehyde
aldose reductasevariant Y48H	Homo sapiens	4-nitrobenzaldehyde	0.01	0.1	0.074	pH 7, 25 °C	PMID 8117659	Open record: aldose reductase variant Y48H, 4-nitrobenzaldehyde
aldose reductasevariant Y48H	Homo sapiens	DL-glyceraldehyde	0.01	71	2 × 10⁻⁴	pH 7, 25 °C	PMID 8117659	Open record: aldose reductase variant Y48H, DL-glyceraldehyde
aldose reductasevariant Y48H	Homo sapiens	DL-glyceraldehyde	0.013	—	9 × 10⁻⁵	25 °C	PMID 8117659	Open record: aldose reductase variant Y48H, DL-glyceraldehyde
aldose reductasevariant Y48S	Homo sapiens	4-nitrobenzaldehyde	0.002	0.88	0.0025	pH 7, 25 °C	PMID 8117659	Open record: aldose reductase variant Y48S, 4-nitrobenzaldehyde
aldose reductasevariant Y48S	Homo sapiens	DL-glyceraldehyde	0.01	64	7 × 10⁻⁵	pH 7, 25 °C	PMID 8117659	Open record: aldose reductase variant Y48S, DL-glyceraldehyde
aldose reductasevariant Δ214–219	Homo sapiens	D-xylose	1.48	270	0.0056	pH 7, 25 °C	PMID 15769597	Open record: aldose reductase variant Δ214–219, D-xylose
aldose reductasevariant Δ214–219	Homo sapiens	DL-glyceraldehyde	2.15	0.5	4.3	pH 7, 25 °C	PMID 15769597	Open record: aldose reductase variant Δ214–219, DL-glyceraldehyde
aldose reductase	Mus musculus (mouse)	D-Galactose	1.16	47	0.0247	pH 6.2, 25 °C	PMID 7851421	Open record: aldose reductase, D-Galactose
aldose reductase	Mus musculus (mouse)	D-Glucose	0.809	82	0.0099	pH 6.2, 25 °C	PMID 7851421	Open record: aldose reductase, D-Glucose
aldose reductase	Mus musculus (mouse)	D-Glucuronate	0.943	1.04	0.907	pH 6.2, 25 °C	PMID 7851421	Open record: aldose reductase, D-Glucuronate
aldose reductase	Mus musculus (mouse)	D-Xylose	0.951	5.03	0.189	pH 6.2, 25 °C	PMID 7851421	Open record: aldose reductase, D-Xylose
aldose reductase	Mus musculus (mouse)	DL-Glyceraldehyde	1.3	0.044	29.55	pH 6.2, 25 °C	PMID 7851421	Open record: aldose reductase, DL-Glyceraldehyde
aldose reductase (AKR1B1)	Homo sapiens	2,4-pentanedione	0.278	8.1	0.037	pH 7, 25 °C	PMID 26222439	Open record: aldose reductase (AKR1B1), 2,4-pentanedione
aldose reductase (AKR1B1)	Homo sapiens	3,5-heptanedione	0.43	12	0.037	pH 7, 25 °C	PMID 26222439	Open record: aldose reductase (AKR1B1), 3,5-heptanedione
aldose reductase (AKR1B1)	Homo sapiens	cinnamaldehyde	0.48	0.031	15.8	pH 7, 25 °C	PMID 26222439	Open record: aldose reductase (AKR1B1), cinnamaldehyde
aldose reductase (AKR1B1)	Homo sapiens	citral	1.13	0.035	29.2	pH 7, 25 °C	PMID 26222439	Open record: aldose reductase (AKR1B1), citral
aldose reductase (AR)	Homo sapiens	3-nitrobenzaldehyde	5.72	0.014	410 calc.	pH 6.2, 30 °C	PMID 9565553	Open record: aldose reductase (AR), 3-nitrobenzaldehyde
aldose reductase (AR)	Homo sapiens	4-carboxybenzaldehyde	7.28	0.012	610 calc.	pH 6.2, 30 °C	PMID 9565553	Open record: aldose reductase (AR), 4-carboxybenzaldehyde
aldose reductase (AR)	Homo sapiens	D-galactose	3.7	21	0.18 calc.	pH 6.2, 30 °C	PMID 9565553	Open record: aldose reductase (AR), D-galactose
aldose reductase (AR)	Homo sapiens	D-glucose	1.82	69	0.026 calc.	pH 6.2, 30 °C	PMID 9565553	Open record: aldose reductase (AR), D-glucose
aldose reductase (AR)	Homo sapiens	diacetyl	9.77	0.12	81 calc.	pH 6.2, 30 °C	PMID 9565553	Open record: aldose reductase (AR), diacetyl
aldose reductase (AR)	Homo sapiens	dl-Glucuronate	5.2	1.9	2.7 calc.	pH 6.2, 30 °C	PMID 9565553	Open record: aldose reductase (AR), dl-Glucuronate
aldose reductase (AR)	Homo sapiens	DL-glyceraldehyde	11.98	0.077	160 calc.	pH 6.2, 30 °C	PMID 9565553	Open record: aldose reductase (AR), DL-glyceraldehyde
aldose reductase (AR)	Homo sapiens	methylglyoxal	14.1	0.024	590 calc.	pH 6.2, 30 °C	PMID 9565553	Open record: aldose reductase (AR), methylglyoxal
aldose reductase (AR)	Homo sapiens	pyridine-3-carbaldehyde	10.3	0.002	5.2 × 10³ calc.	pH 6.2, 30 °C	PMID 9565553	Open record: aldose reductase (AR), pyridine-3-carbaldehyde
aldose reductase (bAR)	Bos taurus	D-glucose	0.48	71.5	0.0068 calc.	pH 6.8, 37 °C	PMID 25528584	Open record: aldose reductase (bAR), D-glucose
aldose reductase (bAR)	Bos taurus	L-idose	0.5	0.8	0.62 calc.	pH 6.8, 37 °C	PMID 25528584	Open record: aldose reductase (bAR), L-idose
aldose reductase (DnAR)	Debaryomyces nepalensis	3-nitrobenzaldehyde	40	1.7	24	pH 7, 45 °C	doi:10.1039/c7ra01697b	Open record: aldose reductase (DnAR), 3-nitrobenzaldehyde
aldose reductase (DnAR)	Debaryomyces nepalensis	benzaldehyde	11	3.3	3.3	pH 7, 45 °C	doi:10.1039/c7ra01697b	Open record: aldose reductase (DnAR), benzaldehyde
aldose reductase (DnAR)	Debaryomyces nepalensis	D-fructose	11	1269	0.01	pH 7, 45 °C	doi:10.1039/c7ra01697b	Open record: aldose reductase (DnAR), D-fructose
aldose reductase (DnAR)	Debaryomyces nepalensis	D-galactose	106	572	0.2	pH 7, 45 °C	doi:10.1039/c7ra01697b	Open record: aldose reductase (DnAR), D-galactose
aldose reductase (DnAR)	Debaryomyces nepalensis	D-glucose	61	889	0.07	pH 7, 45 °C	doi:10.1039/c7ra01697b	Open record: aldose reductase (DnAR), D-glucose
aldose reductase (DnAR)	Debaryomyces nepalensis	D-ribose	92	377	0.24	pH 7, 45 °C	doi:10.1039/c7ra01697b	Open record: aldose reductase (DnAR), D-ribose
aldose reductase (DnAR)	Debaryomyces nepalensis	D-xylosesubstrate varied 5-800 mM	108	106	1	pH 7, 45 °C	doi:10.1039/c7ra01697b	Open record: aldose reductase (DnAR), D-xylose
aldose reductase (DnAR)	Debaryomyces nepalensis	D-xylosewith 0.5 M KCl; D-xylose varied; NADPH oxidation at 340 nm	133	171	0.78	pH 7, 45 °C	doi:10.1039/c7ra01697b	Open record: aldose reductase (DnAR), D-xylose
aldose reductase (DnAR)	Debaryomyces nepalensis	D-xylosewith 0.5 M NaCl; D-xylose varied; NADPH oxidation at 340 nm	112	149	0.75	pH 7, 45 °C	doi:10.1039/c7ra01697b	Open record: aldose reductase (DnAR), D-xylose
aldose reductase (DnAR)	Debaryomyces nepalensis	D-xylosewith 1.0 M KCl; D-xylose varied; NADPH oxidation at 340 nm	86	227	0.38	pH 7, 45 °C	doi:10.1039/c7ra01697b	Open record: aldose reductase (DnAR), D-xylose
aldose reductase (DnAR)	Debaryomyces nepalensis	D-xylosewith 1.0 M NaCl; D-xylose varied; NADPH oxidation at 340 nm	60	200	0.3	pH 7, 45 °C	doi:10.1039/c7ra01697b	Open record: aldose reductase (DnAR), D-xylose
aldose reductase (DnAR)	Debaryomyces nepalensis	glyoxal	41	70	0.58	pH 7, 45 °C	doi:10.1039/c7ra01697b	Open record: aldose reductase (DnAR), glyoxal
aldose reductase (DnAR)	Debaryomyces nepalensis	isophthalaldehyde (benzene-1,3-dicarbaldehyde)	28	2	12	pH 7, 45 °C	doi:10.1039/c7ra01697b	Open record: aldose reductase (DnAR), isophthalaldehyde (benzene-1,3-dicarbaldehyde)
aldose reductase (DnAR)	Debaryomyces nepalensis	L-arabinose	163	110	1.5	pH 7, 45 °C	doi:10.1039/c7ra01697b	Open record: aldose reductase (DnAR), L-arabinose
aldose reductase (DnAR)	Debaryomyces nepalensis	NADPH	—	0.13	728	pH 7, 45 °C	doi:10.1039/c7ra01697b	Open record: aldose reductase (DnAR), NADPH
aldose reductase (DnAR)	Debaryomyces nepalensis	pyridine-3-carboxaldehyde	7	4.5	1.6	pH 7, 45 °C	doi:10.1039/c7ra01697b	Open record: aldose reductase (DnAR), pyridine-3-carboxaldehyde
aldose reductase (NADP-dependent)	Galdieria sulphuraria	D-arabinose	—	38	—	pH 7	PMID 12223702	Open record: aldose reductase (NADP-dependent), D-arabinose
aldose reductase (NADP-dependent)	Galdieria sulphuraria	D-galactose	—	187	—	pH 7	PMID 12223702	Open record: aldose reductase (NADP-dependent), D-galactose
aldose reductase (NADP-dependent)	Galdieria sulphuraria	D-lyxose	—	30	—	pH 7	PMID 12223702	Open record: aldose reductase (NADP-dependent), D-lyxose
aldose reductase (NADP-dependent)	Galdieria sulphuraria	D-ribose	—	29	—	pH 7	PMID 12223702	Open record: aldose reductase (NADP-dependent), D-ribose
aldose reductase (NADP-dependent)	Galdieria sulphuraria	D-xylose	—	27	—	pH 7	PMID 12223702	Open record: aldose reductase (NADP-dependent), D-xylose
aldose reductase (NADP-dependent)	Galdieria sulphuraria	DL-glyceraldehyde	—	0.24	—	pH 7	PMID 12223702	Open record: aldose reductase (NADP-dependent), DL-glyceraldehyde
aldose reductase (NADP-dependent)	Galdieria sulphuraria	L-arabinose	—	176	—	pH 7	PMID 12223702	Open record: aldose reductase (NADP-dependent), L-arabinose
aldose reductase (NADP-dependent)	Galdieria sulphuraria	L-fucose	—	180	—	pH 7	PMID 12223702	Open record: aldose reductase (NADP-dependent), L-fucose
aldose reductase (NADP-dependent)	Galdieria sulphuraria	L-lyxose	—	140	—	pH 7	PMID 12223702	Open record: aldose reductase (NADP-dependent), L-lyxose
aldose reductase (NADP-dependent)	Galdieria sulphuraria	L-rhamnose	—	220	—	pH 7	PMID 12223702	Open record: aldose reductase (NADP-dependent), L-rhamnose
aldose reductase (NADP-dependent)	Galdieria sulphuraria	L-ribose	—	98	—	pH 7	PMID 12223702	Open record: aldose reductase (NADP-dependent), L-ribose
aldose reductase (NADP-dependent)	Galdieria sulphuraria	L-xylose	—	159	—	pH 7	PMID 12223702	Open record: aldose reductase (NADP-dependent), L-xylose
aldose reductase AKR1B1 (human AR)	Homo sapiens	1-palmitoyl-2-(5-oxovaleroyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine	0.432	0.0088	49	pH 7, 37 °C	PMID 17381426	Open record: aldose reductase AKR1B1 (human AR), 1-palmitoyl-2-(5-oxovaleroyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
aldose reductase AKR1B1 (human AR)	Homo sapiens	1-palmitoyl-2-(5-oxovaleroyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine	0.437	0.011	39.7	pH 7, 37 °C	PMID 17381426	Open record: aldose reductase AKR1B1 (human AR), 1-palmitoyl-2-(5-oxovaleroyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine
aldose reductase AKR1B1 (human AR)	Homo sapiens	1-palmitoyl-2-(7-oxoheptanoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine	0.408	0.0164	24.8	pH 7, 37 °C	PMID 17381426	Open record: aldose reductase AKR1B1 (human AR), 1-palmitoyl-2-(7-oxoheptanoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
aldose reductase AKR1B1 (human AR)	Homo sapiens	1-palmitoyl-2-(9-oxononanoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine	0.402	0.0135	29.7	pH 7, 37 °C	PMID 17381426	Open record: aldose reductase AKR1B1 (human AR), 1-palmitoyl-2-(9-oxononanoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
aldose reductase AKR1B1 (human AR)	Homo sapiens	Glyceraldehyde	0.53	0.064	7.2	pH 7, 25 °C	PMID 17381426	Open record: aldose reductase AKR1B1 (human AR), Glyceraldehyde
aldose reductase-like protein AKR1B14	Rattus norvegicus	(S)-1-indanol	0.075	1.5	0.005	pH 7.4, 25 °C	PMID 21048316	Open record: aldose reductase-like protein AKR1B14, (S)-1-indanol
aldose reductase-like protein AKR1B14	Rattus norvegicus	(S)-1-tetralol	0.0017	1.05	0.00158	pH 7.4, 25 °C	PMID 21048316	Open record: aldose reductase-like protein AKR1B14, (S)-1-tetralol
aldose reductase-like protein AKR1B14	Rattus norvegicus	1-decanal	0.023	0.001	23	pH 7.4, 25 °C	PMID 21048316	Open record: aldose reductase-like protein AKR1B14, 1-decanal
aldose reductase-like protein AKR1B14	Rattus norvegicus	1-decanol	0.0022	0.013	0.17	pH 7.4, 25 °C	PMID 21048316	Open record: aldose reductase-like protein AKR1B14, 1-decanol
aldose reductase-like protein AKR1B14	Rattus norvegicus	1-hexanal	0.025	0.0064	3.8	pH 7.4, 25 °C	PMID 21048316	Open record: aldose reductase-like protein AKR1B14, 1-hexanal
aldose reductase-like protein AKR1B14	Rattus norvegicus	1-hexanol	0.0122	1.9	0.0063	pH 7.4, 25 °C	PMID 21048316	Open record: aldose reductase-like protein AKR1B14, 1-hexanol
aldose reductase-like protein AKR1B14	Rattus norvegicus	1-nonanal	0.038	9.5 × 10⁻⁴	40	pH 7.4, 25 °C	PMID 21048316	Open record: aldose reductase-like protein AKR1B14, 1-nonanal
aldose reductase-like protein AKR1B14	Rattus norvegicus	1-nonanol	0.005	0.016	0.32	pH 7.4, 25 °C	PMID 21048316	Open record: aldose reductase-like protein AKR1B14, 1-nonanol
aldose reductase-like protein AKR1B14	Rattus norvegicus	2,3-heptanedione	0.038	0.0018	22	pH 7.4, 25 °C	PMID 21048316	Open record: aldose reductase-like protein AKR1B14, 2,3-heptanedione
aldose reductase-like protein AKR1B14	Rattus norvegicus	3-deoxyglucosone	0.0122	0.0098	1.23	pH 7.4, 25 °C	PMID 21048316	Open record: aldose reductase-like protein AKR1B14, 3-deoxyglucosone
aldose reductase-like protein AKR1B14	Rattus norvegicus	3-nitroacetophenone	0.0127	0.074	0.17	pH 7.4, 25 °C	PMID 21048316	Open record: aldose reductase-like protein AKR1B14, 3-nitroacetophenone
aldose reductase-like protein AKR1B14	Rattus norvegicus	4-hydroxynonenal	0.0158	0.0076	2.2	pH 7.4, 25 °C	PMID 21048316	Open record: aldose reductase-like protein AKR1B14, 4-hydroxynonenal
aldose reductase-like protein AKR1B14	Rattus norvegicus	4-nitroacetophenone	0.023	0.349	0.067	pH 7.4, 25 °C	PMID 21048316	Open record: aldose reductase-like protein AKR1B14, 4-nitroacetophenone
aldose reductase-like protein AKR1B14	Rattus norvegicus	4-nitrobenzaldehydeNADPH-dependent reduction; saturating NADPH	0.027	0.0015	18	pH 7.4, 25 °C	PMID 21048316	Open record: aldose reductase-like protein AKR1B14, 4-nitrobenzaldehyde
aldose reductase-like protein AKR1B14	Rattus norvegicus	4-nitrobenzaldehydeNADH-linked reduction; 0.15 mM NADH; cosubstrate NADH	—	0.17	—	pH 7.4, 25 °C	PMID 21048316	Open record: aldose reductase-like protein AKR1B14, 4-nitrobenzaldehyde
aldose reductase-like protein AKR1B14	Rattus norvegicus	4-oxo-2-nonenal	0.028	1.6 × 10⁻⁴	180	pH 7.4, 25 °C	PMID 21048316	Open record: aldose reductase-like protein AKR1B14, 4-oxo-2-nonenal
aldose reductase-like protein AKR1B14	Rattus norvegicus	5-hydroxymethylfurfural	0.013	0.83	0.0157	pH 7.4, 25 °C	PMID 21048316	Open record: aldose reductase-like protein AKR1B14, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural
aldose reductase-like protein AKR1B14	Rattus norvegicus	6-tert-butyl-2,3-epoxy-5-cyclohexene-1,4-dione	0.037	0.001	37	pH 7.4, 25 °C	PMID 21048316	Open record: aldose reductase-like protein AKR1B14, 6-tert-butyl-2,3-epoxy-5-cyclohexene-1,4-dione
aldose reductase-like protein AKR1B14	Rattus norvegicus	9,10-phenanthrenequinone	0.053	4 × 10⁻⁴	133	pH 7.4, 25 °C	PMID 21048316	Open record: aldose reductase-like protein AKR1B14, 9,10-phenanthrenequinone
aldose reductase-like protein AKR1B14	Rattus norvegicus	acrolein	0.028	0.29	0.098	pH 7.4, 25 °C	PMID 21048316	Open record: aldose reductase-like protein AKR1B14, acrolein
aldose reductase-like protein AKR1B14	Rattus norvegicus	benzaldehyde	0.022	0.015	1.45	pH 7.4, 25 °C	PMID 21048316	Open record: aldose reductase-like protein AKR1B14, benzaldehyde
aldose reductase-like protein AKR1B14	Rattus norvegicus	benzyl alcohol	0.0142	3.65	0.0038	pH 7.4, 25 °C	PMID 21048316	Open record: aldose reductase-like protein AKR1B14, benzyl alcohol
aldose reductase-like protein AKR1B14	Rattus norvegicus	D-glyceraldehyde	0.023	0.12	0.2	pH 7.4, 25 °C	PMID 21048316	Open record: aldose reductase-like protein AKR1B14, D-glyceraldehyde
aldose reductase-like protein AKR1B14	Rattus norvegicus	diacetyl	0.035	0.054	0.65	pH 7.4, 25 °C	PMID 21048316	Open record: aldose reductase-like protein AKR1B14, diacetyl
aldose reductase-like protein AKR1B14	Rattus norvegicus	farnesal	0.022	0.0053	4.2	pH 7.4, 25 °C	PMID 21048316	Open record: aldose reductase-like protein AKR1B14, farnesal
aldose reductase-like protein AKR1B14	Rattus norvegicus	farnesol	0.0057	0.01	0.57	pH 7.4, 25 °C	PMID 21048316	Open record: aldose reductase-like protein AKR1B14, farnesol
aldose reductase-like protein AKR1B14	Rattus norvegicus	furfural	0.0103	1.1	0.0093	pH 7.4, 25 °C	PMID 21048316	Open record: aldose reductase-like protein AKR1B14, furfural
aldose reductase-like protein AKR1B14	Rattus norvegicus	geraniol	0.0038	0.037	0.103	pH 7.4, 25 °C	PMID 21048316	Open record: aldose reductase-like protein AKR1B14, geraniol
aldose reductase-like protein AKR1B14	Rattus norvegicus	glutathione adduct of 4-oxo-2-nonenal	0.033	0.008	4.2	pH 7.4, 25 °C	PMID 21048316	Open record: aldose reductase-like protein AKR1B14, glutathione adduct of 4-oxo-2-nonenal
aldose reductase-like protein AKR1B14	Rattus norvegicus	glycolaldehyde	0.03	3.3	0.0092	pH 7.4, 25 °C	PMID 21048316	Open record: aldose reductase-like protein AKR1B14, glycolaldehyde
aldose reductase-like protein AKR1B14	Rattus norvegicus	glyoxal	0.0145	0.578	0.025	pH 7.4, 25 °C	PMID 21048316	Open record: aldose reductase-like protein AKR1B14, glyoxal
aldose reductase-like protein AKR1B14	Rattus norvegicus	isatin	0.023	0.0013	18	pH 7.4, 25 °C	PMID 21048316	Open record: aldose reductase-like protein AKR1B14, isatin
aldose reductase-like protein AKR1B14	Rattus norvegicus	isocaproaldehyde (4-methylpentanal)	0.032	0.016	2	pH 7.4, 25 °C	PMID 21048316	Open record: aldose reductase-like protein AKR1B14, isocaproaldehyde (4-methylpentanal)
aldose reductase-like protein AKR1B14	Rattus norvegicus	methylglyoxal	0.02	0.034	0.58	pH 7.4, 25 °C	PMID 21048316	Open record: aldose reductase-like protein AKR1B14, methylglyoxal
aldose reductase-like protein AKR1B14	Rattus norvegicus	nerol	0.003	0.031	0.097	pH 7.4, 25 °C	PMID 21048316	Open record: aldose reductase-like protein AKR1B14, nerol
aldose reductase-like protein AKR1B14	Rattus norvegicus	nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, oxidized form	—	1.4 × 10⁻⁴	—	pH 7.4, 25 °C	PMID 21048316	Open record: aldose reductase-like protein AKR1B14, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, oxidized form
aldose reductase-like protein AKR1B14	Rattus norvegicus	nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, reduced form	—	0.0015	—	pH 7.4, 25 °C	PMID 21048316	Open record: aldose reductase-like protein AKR1B14, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, reduced form
aldose reductase-like protein AKR1B14	Rattus norvegicus	nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, reduced form	—	0.22	—	pH 7.4, 25 °C	PMID 21048316	Open record: aldose reductase-like protein AKR1B14, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, reduced form
aldose reductase-like protein AKR1B14	Rattus norvegicus	pyridine-3-carboxaldehyde	0.02	0.007	2.8	pH 7.4, 25 °C	PMID 21048316	Open record: aldose reductase-like protein AKR1B14, pyridine-3-carboxaldehyde
aldose reductase-like protein AKR1B14	Rattus norvegicus	pyridine-4-carboxaldehyde	0.03	0.016	1.8	pH 7.4, 25 °C	PMID 21048316	Open record: aldose reductase-like protein AKR1B14, pyridine-4-carboxaldehyde
aldose reductase-like protein AKR1B14	Rattus norvegicus	trans-2-hexenal	0.0148	0.009	1.65	pH 7.4, 25 °C	PMID 21048316	Open record: aldose reductase-like protein AKR1B14, trans-2-hexenal
aldose reductase-like protein AKR1B14	Rattus norvegicus	trans-2-nonenal	0.018	0.0073	2.5	pH 7.4, 25 °C	PMID 21048316	Open record: aldose reductase-like protein AKR1B14, trans-2-nonenal
aldose xylose reductase (CtAR)	Candida tenuis	2-oxopropanal	26.3	6.3	4.175	pH 7, 25 °C	PMID 11306077	Open record: aldose xylose reductase (CtAR), 2-oxopropanal
aldose xylose reductase (CtAR)	Candida tenuis	DL-glyceraldehyde	15.5	2	7.75	pH 7, 25 °C	PMID 11306077	Open record: aldose xylose reductase (CtAR), DL-glyceraldehyde
aldose xylose reductase (CtAR)	Candida tenuis	prop-2-enal	2.4	13	0.185	pH 7, 25 °C	PMID 11306077	Open record: aldose xylose reductase (CtAR), prop-2-enal
aldose xylose reductase (CtAR)	Candida tenuis	propanal	13	365	0.036	pH 7, 25 °C	PMID 11306077	Open record: aldose xylose reductase (CtAR), propanal
D-xylose reductase XYL1	Hypocrea jecorina	D-galactose	1.28	82	0.016	pH 7, 30 °C	PMID 17924946	Open record: D-xylose reductase XYL1, D-galactose
D-xylose reductase XYL1	Hypocrea jecorina	D-glucose	4.8	366	0.013	pH 7, 30 °C	PMID 17924946	Open record: D-xylose reductase XYL1, D-glucose
D-xylose reductase XYL1	Hypocrea jecorina	D-ribose	9.15	24	0.386	pH 7, 30 °C	PMID 17924946	Open record: D-xylose reductase XYL1, D-ribose
D-xylose reductase XYL1	Hypocrea jecorina	D-sorbitol	1.3	159	0.008	pH 8.6, 30 °C	PMID 17924946	Open record: D-xylose reductase XYL1, D-sorbitol
D-xylose reductase XYL1	Hypocrea jecorina	D-xylose	16.43	25	0.654	pH 7, 30 °C	PMID 17924946	Open record: D-xylose reductase XYL1, D-xylose
D-xylose reductase XYL1	Hypocrea jecorina	Galactitol	0.69	155	0.004	pH 8.6, 30 °C	PMID 17924946	Open record: D-xylose reductase XYL1, Galactitol
D-xylose reductase XYL1	Hypocrea jecorina	L-arabinitol	1.17	76	0.015	pH 8.6, 30 °C	PMID 17924946	Open record: D-xylose reductase XYL1, L-arabinitol
D-xylose reductase XYL1	Hypocrea jecorina	L-arabinose	12.76	41	0.313	pH 7, 30 °C	PMID 17924946	Open record: D-xylose reductase XYL1, L-arabinose
D-xylose reductase XYL1	Hypocrea jecorina	NADH	0.031	0.26	0.118	pH 7, 30 °C	PMID 17924946	Open record: D-xylose reductase XYL1, NADH
D-xylose reductase XYL1	Hypocrea jecorina	NADPH	12.87	0.023	560	pH 7, 30 °C	PMID 17924946	Open record: D-xylose reductase XYL1, NADPH
D-xylose reductase XYL1	Hypocrea jecorina	Ribitol	0.66	98	0.007	pH 8.6, 30 °C	PMID 17924946	Open record: D-xylose reductase XYL1, Ribitol
D-xylose reductase XYL1	Hypocrea jecorina	Xylitol	0.65	11	0.057	pH 8.6, 30 °C	PMID 17924946	Open record: D-xylose reductase XYL1, Xylitol
human aldose reductase (hAR)	Homo sapiens	9,10-phenanthrenequinone	0.0825	0.0087	9.5 calc.	pH 7, 25 °C	PMID 12604216	Open record: human aldose reductase (hAR), 9,10-phenanthrenequinone
human aldose reductase (hAR)	Homo sapiens	DL-glyceraldehyde	0.126	—	—	pH 7, 25 °C	PMID 12604216	Open record: human aldose reductase (hAR), DL-glyceraldehyde
NADPH-aldose reductase (aldehyde reductase)	Euonymus japonica	2-Deoxygalactose	—	10.6	—	pH 8, 25 °C	PMID 16664750	Open record: NADPH-aldose reductase (aldehyde reductase), 2-Deoxygalactose
NADPH-aldose reductase (aldehyde reductase)	Euonymus japonica	2-Deoxyribose	—	17.5	—	pH 8, 25 °C	PMID 16664750	Open record: NADPH-aldose reductase (aldehyde reductase), 2-Deoxyribose
NADPH-aldose reductase (aldehyde reductase)	Euonymus japonica	2-Pyridinecarboxaldehyde	—	0.099	—	pH 8, 25 °C	PMID 16664750	Open record: NADPH-aldose reductase (aldehyde reductase), 2-Pyridinecarboxaldehyde
NADPH-aldose reductase (aldehyde reductase)	Euonymus japonica	3-Pyridinecarboxaldehyde	—	0.046	—	pH 8, 25 °C	PMID 16664750	Open record: NADPH-aldose reductase (aldehyde reductase), 3-Pyridinecarboxaldehyde
NADPH-aldose reductase (aldehyde reductase)	Euonymus japonica	4-Pyridinecarboxaldehyde	—	0.004	—	pH 8, 25 °C	PMID 16664750	Open record: NADPH-aldose reductase (aldehyde reductase), 4-Pyridinecarboxaldehyde
NADPH-aldose reductase (aldehyde reductase)	Euonymus japonica	Acetaldehyde	—	6.3	—	pH 8, 25 °C	PMID 16664750	Open record: NADPH-aldose reductase (aldehyde reductase), Acetaldehyde
NADPH-aldose reductase (aldehyde reductase)	Euonymus japonica	Benzaldehyde	—	0.295	—	pH 8, 25 °C	PMID 16664750	Open record: NADPH-aldose reductase (aldehyde reductase), Benzaldehyde
NADPH-aldose reductase (aldehyde reductase)	Euonymus japonica	Butyraldehyde	—	0.444	—	pH 8, 25 °C	PMID 16664750	Open record: NADPH-aldose reductase (aldehyde reductase), Butyraldehyde
NADPH-aldose reductase (aldehyde reductase)	Euonymus japonica	D-Erythrose	—	28.1	—	pH 8, 25 °C	PMID 16664750	Open record: NADPH-aldose reductase (aldehyde reductase), D-Erythrose
NADPH-aldose reductase (aldehyde reductase)	Euonymus japonica	D-Galactose	—	227.1	—	pH 8, 25 °C	PMID 16664750	Open record: NADPH-aldose reductase (aldehyde reductase), D-Galactose
NADPH-aldose reductase (aldehyde reductase)	Euonymus japonica	DL-Glyceraldehyde	—	3.4	—	pH 8, 25 °C	PMID 16664750	Open record: NADPH-aldose reductase (aldehyde reductase), DL-Glyceraldehyde
NADPH-aldose reductase (aldehyde reductase)	Euonymus japonica	glycolaldehyde	—	1.8	—	pH 8, 25 °C	PMID 16664750	Open record: NADPH-aldose reductase (aldehyde reductase), glycolaldehyde
NADPH-aldose reductase (aldehyde reductase)	Euonymus japonica	Glyoxal	—	18.9	—	pH 8, 25 °C	PMID 16664750	Open record: NADPH-aldose reductase (aldehyde reductase), Glyoxal
NADPH-aldose reductase (aldehyde reductase)	Euonymus japonica	Hexanal	—	0.034	—	pH 8, 25 °C	PMID 16664750	Open record: NADPH-aldose reductase (aldehyde reductase), Hexanal
NADPH-aldose reductase (aldehyde reductase)	Euonymus japonica	L-Arabinose	—	287.2	—	pH 8, 25 °C	PMID 16664750	Open record: NADPH-aldose reductase (aldehyde reductase), L-Arabinose
NADPH-aldose reductase (aldehyde reductase)	Euonymus japonica	L-Xylose	—	1174	—	pH 8, 25 °C	PMID 16664750	Open record: NADPH-aldose reductase (aldehyde reductase), L-Xylose
NADPH-aldose reductase (aldehyde reductase)	Euonymus japonica	Methylglyoxal	—	3.9	—	pH 8, 25 °C	PMID 16664750	Open record: NADPH-aldose reductase (aldehyde reductase), Methylglyoxal
NADPH-aldose reductase (aldehyde reductase)	Euonymus japonica	n-Valeraldehyde	—	0.087	—	pH 8, 25 °C	PMID 16664750	Open record: NADPH-aldose reductase (aldehyde reductase), n-Valeraldehyde
NADPH-aldose reductase (aldehyde reductase)	Euonymus japonica	NADPH	—	0.01	—	pH 8, 25 °C	PMID 16664750	Open record: NADPH-aldose reductase (aldehyde reductase), NADPH
NADPH-aldose reductase (aldehyde reductase)	Euonymus japonica	p-Nitrobenzaldehyde	—	0.003	—	pH 8, 25 °C	PMID 16664750	Open record: NADPH-aldose reductase (aldehyde reductase), p-Nitrobenzaldehyde
NADPH-aldose reductase (aldehyde reductase)	Euonymus japonica	Phenylglyoxal	—	0.68	—	pH 8, 25 °C	PMID 16664750	Open record: NADPH-aldose reductase (aldehyde reductase), Phenylglyoxal
NADPH-aldose reductase (aldehyde reductase)	Euonymus japonica	Propionaldehyde	—	5.6	—	pH 8, 25 °C	PMID 16664750	Open record: NADPH-aldose reductase (aldehyde reductase), Propionaldehyde
pig muscle aldehyde (aldose) reductase	Sus scrofa	D-Glucose	1.2	51	0.024 calc.	pH 6.5, 30 °C	PMID 6339488	Open record: pig muscle aldehyde (aldose) reductase, D-Glucose
pig muscle aldehyde (aldose) reductase	Sus scrofa	D-Glucose	—	—	0.023	pH 6.5, 30 °C	PMID 6339488	Open record: pig muscle aldehyde (aldose) reductase, D-Glucose
pig muscle aldehyde (aldose) reductase	Sus scrofa	D-Glucuronate	1.3	10	0.128	pH 6.5, 30 °C	PMID 6339488	Open record: pig muscle aldehyde (aldose) reductase, D-Glucuronate
pig muscle aldehyde (aldose) reductase	Sus scrofa	D-Xylose	1.7	8.4	0.198	pH 6.5, 30 °C	PMID 6339488	Open record: pig muscle aldehyde (aldose) reductase, D-Xylose
pig muscle aldehyde (aldose) reductase	Sus scrofa	DL-Glyceraldehyde	1.8	0.078	23	pH 6.5, 30 °C	PMID 6339488	Open record: pig muscle aldehyde (aldose) reductase, DL-Glyceraldehyde
pig muscle aldehyde (aldose) reductase	Sus scrofa	Indole-3-acetaldehyde	2.2	0.035	62	pH 6.5, 30 °C	PMID 6339488	Open record: pig muscle aldehyde (aldose) reductase, Indole-3-acetaldehyde
pig muscle aldehyde (aldose) reductase	Sus scrofa	NADH	—	1.2	—	pH 6.5, 30 °C	PMID 6339488	Open record: pig muscle aldehyde (aldose) reductase, NADH
pig muscle aldehyde (aldose) reductase	Sus scrofa	NADPH	—	0.0024	—	pH 6.5, 30 °C	PMID 6339488	Open record: pig muscle aldehyde (aldose) reductase, NADPH
pig muscle aldehyde (aldose) reductase	Sus scrofa	p-Nitrobenzaldehyde	1.7	0.013	72	pH 6.5, 30 °C	PMID 6339488	Open record: pig muscle aldehyde (aldose) reductase, p-Nitrobenzaldehyde
xylose reductase	Cryptococcus flavus	2,2-dimethylpropanal	11	46	0.24	pH 7, 25 °C	PMID 12761304	Open record: xylose reductase, 2,2-dimethylpropanal
xylose reductase	Cryptococcus flavus	2-deoxy-D-galactose	6.7	0.17	39	pH 7, 25 °C	PMID 12761304	Open record: xylose reductase, 2-deoxy-D-galactose
xylose reductase	Cryptococcus flavus	2-deoxy-D-glucose	5.8	0.019	300	pH 7, 25 °C	PMID 12761304	Open record: xylose reductase, 2-deoxy-D-glucose
xylose reductase	Cryptococcus flavus	2-deoxy-D-ribose	2.5	0.053	47	pH 7, 25 °C	PMID 12761304	Open record: xylose reductase, 2-deoxy-D-ribose
xylose reductase	Cryptococcus flavus	2-ethylbutanal	4.3	3.2	1.3	pH 7, 25 °C	PMID 12761304	Open record: xylose reductase, 2-ethylbutanal
xylose reductase	Cryptococcus flavus	2-methylbutanal	12.8	2.7	4.8	pH 7, 25 °C	PMID 12761304	Open record: xylose reductase, 2-methylbutanal
xylose reductase	Cryptococcus flavus	2-methylpentanal	6.2	1.8	3.5	pH 7, 25 °C	PMID 12761304	Open record: xylose reductase, 2-methylpentanal
xylose reductase	Cryptococcus flavus	2-methylpropanal	13.7	8.3	1.7	pH 7, 25 °C	PMID 12761304	Open record: xylose reductase, 2-methylpropanal
xylose reductase	Cryptococcus flavus	2-oxopropanal	16.9	0.96	18	pH 7, 25 °C	PMID 12761304	Open record: xylose reductase, 2-oxopropanal
xylose reductase	Cryptococcus flavus	3-methylbutanal	14.6	9.2	1.6	pH 7, 25 °C	PMID 12761304	Open record: xylose reductase, 3-methylbutanal
xylose reductase	Cryptococcus flavus	acetaldehyde	15	35	0.44	pH 7, 25 °C	PMID 12761304	Open record: xylose reductase, acetaldehyde
xylose reductase	Cryptococcus flavus	butanal	13.3	7.9	1.7	pH 7, 25 °C	PMID 12761304	Open record: xylose reductase, butanal
xylose reductase	Cryptococcus flavus	D-allose	—	—	580	pH 7, 25 °C	PMID 12761304	Open record: xylose reductase, D-allose
xylose reductase	Cryptococcus flavus	D-arabino-hexos-2-ulose	23.8	3.2	7.4	pH 7, 25 °C	PMID 12761304	Open record: xylose reductase, D-arabino-hexos-2-ulose
xylose reductase	Cryptococcus flavus	D-erythro-hexos-2,3-diulose	23.9	5.7	4.2	pH 7, 25 °C	PMID 12761304	Open record: xylose reductase, D-erythro-hexos-2,3-diulose
xylose reductase	Cryptococcus flavus	D-galactose	9.6	0.01	940	pH 7, 25 °C	PMID 12761304	Open record: xylose reductase, D-galactose
xylose reductase	Cryptococcus flavus	D-glucose	5	0.0025	2 × 10³	pH 7, 25 °C	PMID 12761304	Open record: xylose reductase, D-glucose
xylose reductase	Cryptococcus flavus	D-lyxose	4.7	0.082	57	pH 7, 25 °C	PMID 12761304	Open record: xylose reductase, D-lyxose
xylose reductase	Cryptococcus flavus	D-mannose	8.4	0.034	250	pH 7, 25 °C	PMID 12761304	Open record: xylose reductase, D-mannose
xylose reductase	Cryptococcus flavus	D-ribo-hexos-2-ulose	25.8	2.7	9.6	pH 7, 25 °C	PMID 12761304	Open record: xylose reductase, D-ribo-hexos-2-ulose
xylose reductase	Cryptococcus flavus	D-ribose	12.4	0.022	560	pH 7, 25 °C	PMID 12761304	Open record: xylose reductase, D-ribose
xylose reductase	Cryptococcus flavus	D-threo-pentos-2-ulose	20.4	2.5	8.2	pH 7, 25 °C	PMID 12761304	Open record: xylose reductase, D-threo-pentos-2-ulose
xylose reductase	Cryptococcus flavus	D-xyloseinitial rates at 340 nm	15.5	21.4	0.724 calc.	pH 7, 25 °C	PMID 12761304	Open record: xylose reductase, D-xylose
xylose reductase	Cryptococcus flavus	D-xyloseNADPH 220 µM (saturating, about 31 x KNADPH)	16.3	0.0036	4.5 × 10³	pH 7, 25 °C	PMID 12761304	Open record: xylose reductase, D-xylose
xylose reductase	Cryptococcus flavus	ethanedial	17.5	21	0.81	pH 7, 25 °C	PMID 12761304	Open record: xylose reductase, ethanedial
xylose reductase	Cryptococcus flavus	heptanal	14.8	0.61	24	pH 7, 25 °C	PMID 12761304	Open record: xylose reductase, heptanal
xylose reductase	Cryptococcus flavus	hexanal	14	0.72	19	pH 7, 25 °C	PMID 12761304	Open record: xylose reductase, hexanal
xylose reductase	Cryptococcus flavus	L-arabinose	12.5	0.0042	3 × 10³	pH 7, 25 °C	PMID 12761304	Open record: xylose reductase, L-arabinose
xylose reductase	Cryptococcus flavus	L-idose	24	0.0032	7.5 × 10³	pH 7, 25 °C	PMID 12761304	Open record: xylose reductase, L-idose
xylose reductase	Cryptococcus flavus	L-lyxose	11.3	0.027	420	pH 7, 25 °C	PMID 12761304	Open record: xylose reductase, L-lyxose
xylose reductase	Cryptococcus flavus	NADP+	—	0.0414	—	pH 7, 25 °C	PMID 12761304	Open record: xylose reductase, NADP+
xylose reductase	Cryptococcus flavus	NADPH	—	0.0071	—	pH 7, 25 °C	PMID 12761304	Open record: xylose reductase, NADPH
xylose reductase	Cryptococcus flavus	nonanal	14.2	2.2	6.6	pH 7, 25 °C	PMID 12761304	Open record: xylose reductase, nonanal
xylose reductase	Cryptococcus flavus	octanal	14.3	2	7.3	pH 7, 25 °C	PMID 12761304	Open record: xylose reductase, octanal
xylose reductase	Cryptococcus flavus	pentanal	14.4	2.2	6.4	pH 7, 25 °C	PMID 12761304	Open record: xylose reductase, pentanal
xylose reductase	Cryptococcus flavus	prop-2-enal	21.5	3.3	6.6	pH 7, 25 °C	PMID 12761304	Open record: xylose reductase, prop-2-enal
xylose reductase	Cryptococcus flavus	propanal	12.9	34	0.38	pH 7, 25 °C	PMID 12761304	Open record: xylose reductase, propanal
xylose reductase	Cryptococcus flavus	pyridine-2-carbaldehyde	16.2	0.15	110	pH 7, 25 °C	PMID 12761304	Open record: xylose reductase, pyridine-2-carbaldehyde
xylose reductase	Cryptococcus flavus	pyridine-3-carbaldehyde	15.1	0.27	56	pH 7, 25 °C	PMID 12761304	Open record: xylose reductase, pyridine-3-carbaldehyde
xylose reductase	Cryptococcus flavus	pyridine-4-carbaldehyde	17.9	0.075	240	pH 7, 25 °C	PMID 12761304	Open record: xylose reductase, pyridine-4-carbaldehyde
xylose reductase	Cryptococcus flavus	xylitol	1	202	0.0050 calc.	pH 7, 25 °C	PMID 12761304	Open record: xylose reductase, xylitol
xylose reductase (AKR2B5)variant D46N/K80A	Candida tenuis	D-xylose	—	—	1.06 × 10⁻⁵	pH 7, 25 °C	PMID 15799715	Open record: xylose reductase (AKR2B5) variant D46N/K80A, D-xylose
xylose reductase (AKR2B5)variant K80A	Candida tenuis	D-xyloseNADH constant and saturating (230 µM); D-xylose varied	0.0017	1818	9.4 × 10⁻⁷	pH 7, 25 °C	PMID 15799715	Open record: xylose reductase (AKR2B5) variant K80A, D-xylose
xylose reductase (AKR2B5)variant K80A	Candida tenuis	D-xyloseconstant ionic strength 0.61 M (NaCl); 230 µM NADH	0.1	1.43 × 10³	7.0 × 10⁻⁵ calc.	pH 7, 25 °C	PMID 15799715	Open record: xylose reductase (AKR2B5) variant K80A, D-xylose
xylose reductase (AKR2B5)variant K80A	Candida tenuis	xylitol	—	—	2.9 × 10⁻⁹	pH 7, 25 °C	PMID 15799715	Open record: xylose reductase (AKR2B5) variant K80A, xylitol
xylose reductase (CtXR, AKR 2B5)	Candida tenuis	2-deoxy-D-galactose	—	—	0.0028	pH 7, 25 °C	PMID 15109252	Open record: xylose reductase (CtXR, AKR 2B5), 2-deoxy-D-galactose
xylose reductase (CtXR, AKR 2B5)	Candida tenuis	D-galactose	10.9	—	0.052	pH 7, 25 °C	PMID 15109252	Open record: xylose reductase (CtXR, AKR 2B5), D-galactose
xylose reductase (CtXR, AKR 2B5)	Candida tenuis	D-xyloseNADH; cosubstrate NADH	12.4	91	0.136	pH 7, 25 °C	PMID 15109252	Open record: xylose reductase (CtXR, AKR 2B5), D-xylose
xylose reductase (CtXR, AKR 2B5)	Candida tenuis	D-xyloseNADPH; cosubstrate NADPH	18.9	78	0.241	pH 7, 25 °C	PMID 15109252	Open record: xylose reductase (CtXR, AKR 2B5), D-xylose
xylose reductase (CtXR, AKR 2B5)	Candida tenuis	methylglyoxal	10.8	—	1.52	pH 7, 25 °C	PMID 15109252	Open record: xylose reductase (CtXR, AKR 2B5), methylglyoxal
xylose reductase (CtXR, AKR 2B5)	Candida tenuis	NADH	—	0.039	—	pH 7, 25 °C	PMID 15109252	Open record: xylose reductase (CtXR, AKR 2B5), NADH
xylose reductase (CtXR, AKR 2B5)	Candida tenuis	NADPH	—	0.0032	—	pH 7, 25 °C	PMID 15109252	Open record: xylose reductase (CtXR, AKR 2B5), NADPH
xylose reductase (CtXR, AKR 2B5)	Candida tenuis	propanal	5.3	—	0.034	pH 7, 25 °C	PMID 15109252	Open record: xylose reductase (CtXR, AKR 2B5), propanal
xylose reductase (CtXR, AKR 2B5)	Candida tenuis	xylitol	1.1	334	0.0033	pH 7, 25 °C	PMID 15109252	Open record: xylose reductase (CtXR, AKR 2B5), xylitol
xylose reductase (CtXR, AKR 2B5)variant H113A	Candida tenuis	2-deoxy-D-galactose	—	—	2.2 × 10⁻⁶	pH 7, 25 °C	PMID 15109252	Open record: xylose reductase (CtXR, AKR 2B5) variant H113A, 2-deoxy-D-galactose
xylose reductase (CtXR, AKR 2B5)variant H113A	Candida tenuis	3-bromobenzaldehyde	0.018	—	0.042	pH 7, 25 °C	PMID 15109252	Open record: xylose reductase (CtXR, AKR 2B5) variant H113A, 3-bromobenzaldehyde
xylose reductase (CtXR, AKR 2B5)variant H113A	Candida tenuis	3-chlorobenzaldehyde	0.03	—	0.018	pH 7, 25 °C	PMID 15109252	Open record: xylose reductase (CtXR, AKR 2B5) variant H113A, 3-chlorobenzaldehyde
xylose reductase (CtXR, AKR 2B5)variant H113A	Candida tenuis	3-cyanobenzaldehyde	0.041	—	0.02	pH 7, 25 °C	PMID 15109252	Open record: xylose reductase (CtXR, AKR 2B5) variant H113A, 3-cyanobenzaldehyde
xylose reductase (CtXR, AKR 2B5)variant H113A	Candida tenuis	3-fluorobenzaldehyde	0.047	—	0.012	pH 7, 25 °C	PMID 15109252	Open record: xylose reductase (CtXR, AKR 2B5) variant H113A, 3-fluorobenzaldehyde
xylose reductase (CtXR, AKR 2B5)variant H113A	Candida tenuis	3-methylbenzaldehyde	0.014	—	0.011	pH 7, 25 °C	PMID 15109252	Open record: xylose reductase (CtXR, AKR 2B5) variant H113A, 3-methylbenzaldehyde
xylose reductase (CtXR, AKR 2B5)variant H113A	Candida tenuis	3-nitrobenzaldehyde	0.024	—	0.85	pH 7, 25 °C	PMID 15109252	Open record: xylose reductase (CtXR, AKR 2B5) variant H113A, 3-nitrobenzaldehyde
xylose reductase (CtXR, AKR 2B5)variant H113A	Candida tenuis	benzaldehyde	0.026	—	0.0041	pH 7, 25 °C	PMID 15109252	Open record: xylose reductase (CtXR, AKR 2B5) variant H113A, benzaldehyde
xylose reductase (CtXR, AKR 2B5)variant H113A	Candida tenuis	D-galactose	0.016	—	5.6 × 10⁻⁵	pH 7, 25 °C	PMID 15109252	Open record: xylose reductase (CtXR, AKR 2B5) variant H113A, D-galactose
xylose reductase (CtXR, AKR 2B5)variant H113A	Candida tenuis	D-xyloseNADH; cosubstrate NADH	0.024	123	1.9 × 10⁻⁴	pH 7, 25 °C	PMID 15109252	Open record: xylose reductase (CtXR, AKR 2B5) variant H113A, D-xylose
xylose reductase (CtXR, AKR 2B5)variant H113A	Candida tenuis	D-xyloseNADPH; cosubstrate NADPH	0.12	391	3.2 × 10⁻⁴	pH 7, 25 °C	PMID 15109252	Open record: xylose reductase (CtXR, AKR 2B5) variant H113A, D-xylose
xylose reductase (CtXR, AKR 2B5)variant H113A	Candida tenuis	methylglyoxal	0.083	—	0.0111	pH 7, 25 °C	PMID 15109252	Open record: xylose reductase (CtXR, AKR 2B5) variant H113A, methylglyoxal
xylose reductase (CtXR, AKR 2B5)variant H113A	Candida tenuis	NADH	—	0.034	—	pH 7, 25 °C	PMID 15109252	Open record: xylose reductase (CtXR, AKR 2B5) variant H113A, NADH
xylose reductase (CtXR, AKR 2B5)variant H113A	Candida tenuis	NADPH	—	0.0028	—	pH 7, 25 °C	PMID 15109252	Open record: xylose reductase (CtXR, AKR 2B5) variant H113A, NADPH
xylose reductase (CtXR, AKR 2B5)variant H113A	Candida tenuis	propanal	0.014	—	2.2 × 10⁻⁴	pH 7, 25 °C	PMID 15109252	Open record: xylose reductase (CtXR, AKR 2B5) variant H113A, propanal
xylose reductase (CtXR, AKR 2B5)variant H113A	Candida tenuis	xylitol	9 × 10⁻⁴	452	2.1 × 10⁻⁶	pH 7, 25 °C	PMID 15109252	Open record: xylose reductase (CtXR, AKR 2B5) variant H113A, xylitol
xylose reductase (CtXR, AKR2B5)	Candida tenuis	2-deoxy-D-galactose	2.1	742	9.3	pH 7, 25 °C	PMID 16336198	Open record: xylose reductase (CtXR, AKR2B5), 2-deoxy-D-galactose
xylose reductase (CtXR, AKR2B5)	Candida tenuis	3-hydroxybutan-2-one	0.8	451	0.0018	pH 7, 25 °C	PMID 16336198	Open record: xylose reductase (CtXR, AKR2B5), 3-hydroxybutan-2-one
xylose reductase (CtXR, AKR2B5)	Candida tenuis	4,4-dimethyloxolane-2,3-dione	—	—	0.008	pH 7, 25 °C	PMID 16336198	Open record: xylose reductase (CtXR, AKR2B5), 4,4-dimethyloxolane-2,3-dione
xylose reductase (CtXR, AKR2B5)	Candida tenuis	4-Hydroxybutan-2-one	0.02	392	5 × 10⁻⁵	pH 7, 25 °C	PMID 16336198	Open record: xylose reductase (CtXR, AKR2B5), 4-Hydroxybutan-2-one
xylose reductase (CtXR, AKR2B5)	Candida tenuis	Acetophenone	—	—	5 × 10⁻⁴	pH 7, 25 °C	PMID 16336198	Open record: xylose reductase (CtXR, AKR2B5), Acetophenone
xylose reductase (CtXR, AKR2B5)	Candida tenuis	butane-2,3-dione	12	15	0.8	pH 7, 25 °C	PMID 16336198	Open record: xylose reductase (CtXR, AKR2B5), butane-2,3-dione
xylose reductase (CtXR, AKR2B5)	Candida tenuis	D-galactose	11	208	265	pH 7, 25 °C	PMID 16336198	Open record: xylose reductase (CtXR, AKR2B5), D-galactose
xylose reductase (CtXR, AKR2B5)	Candida tenuis	D-glucose	4.8	236	833	pH 7, 25 °C	PMID 16336198	Open record: xylose reductase (CtXR, AKR2B5), D-glucose
xylose reductase (CtXR, AKR2B5)	Candida tenuis	D-xylosecosubstrate NADH	11	142	0.077 calc.	pH 7, 25 °C	PMID 15320875	Open record: xylose reductase (CtXR, AKR2B5), D-xylose
xylose reductase (CtXR, AKR2B5)	Candida tenuis	D-xylosecosubstrate NADPH	13	96	0.14 calc.	pH 7, 25 °C	PMID 15320875	Open record: xylose reductase (CtXR, AKR2B5), D-xylose
xylose reductase (CtXR, AKR2B5)	Candida tenuis	D-xyloseNADH-dependent reduction	12.4	91	680	pH 7, 25 °C	PMID 16336198	Open record: xylose reductase (CtXR, AKR2B5), D-xylose
xylose reductase (CtXR, AKR2B5)	Candida tenuis	D-xyloseNADH-dependent xylose reduction	11	142	0.077 calc.	pH 7, 25 °C	PMID 16336198	Open record: xylose reductase (CtXR, AKR2B5), D-xylose
xylose reductase (CtXR, AKR2B5)	Candida tenuis	DL-glyceraldehyde	7.8	3.5	8.9	pH 7, 25 °C	PMID 16336198	Open record: xylose reductase (CtXR, AKR2B5), DL-glyceraldehyde
xylose reductase (CtXR, AKR2B5)	Candida tenuis	ethyl 2-oxo-2-phenylacetate	—	—	0.269	pH 7, 25 °C	PMID 16336198	Open record: xylose reductase (CtXR, AKR2B5), ethyl 2-oxo-2-phenylacetate
xylose reductase (CtXR, AKR2B5)	Candida tenuis	ethyl 2-oxopropanoate	6.5	12	0.542	pH 7, 25 °C	PMID 16336198	Open record: xylose reductase (CtXR, AKR2B5), ethyl 2-oxopropanoate
xylose reductase (CtXR, AKR2B5)	Candida tenuis	ethyl 3-oxobutanoate	—	—	7 × 10⁻⁴	pH 7, 25 °C	PMID 16336198	Open record: xylose reductase (CtXR, AKR2B5), ethyl 3-oxobutanoate
xylose reductase (CtXR, AKR2B5)	Candida tenuis	ethyl 4,4,4-trifluoro-3-oxobutanoate	—	—	3 × 10⁻⁴	pH 7, 25 °C	PMID 16336198	Open record: xylose reductase (CtXR, AKR2B5), ethyl 4,4,4-trifluoro-3-oxobutanoate
xylose reductase (CtXR, AKR2B5)	Candida tenuis	ethyl 4-chloro-3-oxobutanoate	—	—	0.034	pH 7, 25 °C	PMID 16336198	Open record: xylose reductase (CtXR, AKR2B5), ethyl 4-chloro-3-oxobutanoate
xylose reductase (CtXR, AKR2B5)	Candida tenuis	NADH	—	0.038	—	pH 7, 25 °C	PMID 15320875	Open record: xylose reductase (CtXR, AKR2B5), NADH
xylose reductase (CtXR, AKR2B5)	Candida tenuis	NADH	—	0.038	—	pH 7, 25 °C	PMID 16336198	Open record: xylose reductase (CtXR, AKR2B5), NADH
xylose reductase (CtXR, AKR2B5)	Candida tenuis	NADPH	—	0.003	—	pH 7, 25 °C	PMID 15320875	Open record: xylose reductase (CtXR, AKR2B5), NADPH
xylose reductase (CtXR, AKR2B5)	Candida tenuis	NADPH	19	0.0032	5.9 × 10³ calc.	pH 7, 25 °C	PMID 16336198	Open record: xylose reductase (CtXR, AKR2B5), NADPH
xylose reductase (CtXR, AKR2B5)	Candida tenuis	pentane-2,4-dione	—	—	7 × 10⁻⁵	pH 7, 25 °C	PMID 16336198	Open record: xylose reductase (CtXR, AKR2B5), pentane-2,4-dione
xylose reductase (CtXR, AKR2B5)	Candida tenuis	xylitol	1.1	334	0.0033 calc.	pH 7, 25 °C	PMID 16336198	Open record: xylose reductase (CtXR, AKR2B5), xylitol
xylose reductase (CtXR, AKR2B5)variant D50A	Candida tenuis	2-deoxy-D-galactose	—	—	6.3	pH 7, 25 °C	PMID 16336198	Open record: xylose reductase (CtXR, AKR2B5) variant D50A, 2-deoxy-D-galactose
xylose reductase (CtXR, AKR2B5)variant D50A	Candida tenuis	D-galactose	3.3	244	70	pH 7, 25 °C	PMID 16336198	Open record: xylose reductase (CtXR, AKR2B5) variant D50A, D-galactose
xylose reductase (CtXR, AKR2B5)variant D50A	Candida tenuis	D-glucose	2.2	486	188	pH 7, 25 °C	PMID 16336198	Open record: xylose reductase (CtXR, AKR2B5) variant D50A, D-glucose
xylose reductase (CtXR, AKR2B5)variant D50A	Candida tenuis	D-xyloseNADH-dependent reduction	3.4	243	14	pH 7, 25 °C	PMID 16336198	Open record: xylose reductase (CtXR, AKR2B5) variant D50A, D-xylose
xylose reductase (CtXR, AKR2B5)variant D50A	Candida tenuis	D-xyloseNADH-dependent xylose reduction	3.4	158	0.022 calc.	pH 7, 25 °C	PMID 16336198	Open record: xylose reductase (CtXR, AKR2B5) variant D50A, D-xylose
xylose reductase (CtXR, AKR2B5)variant D50A	Candida tenuis	NADH	—	0.04	—	pH 7, 25 °C	PMID 16336198	Open record: xylose reductase (CtXR, AKR2B5) variant D50A, NADH
xylose reductase (CtXR, AKR2B5)variant D50A	Candida tenuis	NADPH	11	0.0023	4.8 × 10³ calc.	pH 7, 25 °C	PMID 16336198	Open record: xylose reductase (CtXR, AKR2B5) variant D50A, NADPH
xylose reductase (CtXR, AKR2B5)variant D50A	Candida tenuis	xylitol	0.2	537	3.7 × 10⁻⁴ calc.	pH 7, 25 °C	PMID 16336198	Open record: xylose reductase (CtXR, AKR2B5) variant D50A, xylitol
xylose reductase (CtXR, AKR2B5)variant K274E	Candida tenuis	D-xylosecosubstrate NADH	0.07	540	1.3 × 10⁻⁴ calc.	pH 7, 25 °C	PMID 15320875	Open record: xylose reductase (CtXR, AKR2B5) variant K274E, D-xylose
xylose reductase (CtXR, AKR2B5)variant K274E	Candida tenuis	D-xylosecosubstrate NADPH	0.18	2.1 × 10³	8.6 × 10⁻⁵ calc.	pH 7, 25 °C	PMID 15320875	Open record: xylose reductase (CtXR, AKR2B5) variant K274E, D-xylose
xylose reductase (CtXR, AKR2B5)variant K274E	Candida tenuis	NADH	—	—	0.133	pH 7, 25 °C	PMID 15320875	Open record: xylose reductase (CtXR, AKR2B5) variant K274E, NADH
xylose reductase (CtXR, AKR2B5)variant K274E	Candida tenuis	NADPH	—	—	0.47	pH 7, 25 °C	PMID 15320875	Open record: xylose reductase (CtXR, AKR2B5) variant K274E, NADPH
xylose reductase (CtXR, AKR2B5)variant K274G	Candida tenuis	D-xylosecosubstrate NADH	15	559	0.027 calc.	pH 7, 25 °C	PMID 15320875	Open record: xylose reductase (CtXR, AKR2B5) variant K274G, D-xylose
xylose reductase (CtXR, AKR2B5)variant K274G	Candida tenuis	D-xylosecosubstrate NADPH	10	722	0.014 calc.	pH 7, 25 °C	PMID 15320875	Open record: xylose reductase (CtXR, AKR2B5) variant K274G, D-xylose
xylose reductase (CtXR, AKR2B5)variant K274G	Candida tenuis	NADH	—	0.146	—	pH 7, 25 °C	PMID 15320875	Open record: xylose reductase (CtXR, AKR2B5) variant K274G, NADH
xylose reductase (CtXR, AKR2B5)variant K274G	Candida tenuis	NADPH	—	0.032	—	pH 7, 25 °C	PMID 15320875	Open record: xylose reductase (CtXR, AKR2B5) variant K274G, NADPH
xylose reductase (CtXR, AKR2B5)variant K274M	Candida tenuis	D-xylosecosubstrate NADH	19	229	0.083 calc.	pH 7, 25 °C	PMID 15320875	Open record: xylose reductase (CtXR, AKR2B5) variant K274M, D-xylose
xylose reductase (CtXR, AKR2B5)variant K274M	Candida tenuis	D-xylosecosubstrate NADPH	36	506	0.071 calc.	pH 7, 25 °C	PMID 15320875	Open record: xylose reductase (CtXR, AKR2B5) variant K274M, D-xylose
xylose reductase (CtXR, AKR2B5)variant K274M	Candida tenuis	NADH	—	0.38	—	pH 7, 25 °C	PMID 15320875	Open record: xylose reductase (CtXR, AKR2B5) variant K274M, NADH
xylose reductase (CtXR, AKR2B5)variant K274M	Candida tenuis	NADPH	—	0.075	—	pH 7, 25 °C	PMID 15320875	Open record: xylose reductase (CtXR, AKR2B5) variant K274M, NADPH
xylose reductase (CtXR, AKR2B5)variant K274R	Candida tenuis	D-xylosecosubstrate NADH	8	54	0.15 calc.	pH 7, 25 °C	PMID 15320875	Open record: xylose reductase (CtXR, AKR2B5) variant K274R, D-xylose
xylose reductase (CtXR, AKR2B5)variant K274R	Candida tenuis	D-xylosecosubstrate NADPH	26	350	0.074 calc.	pH 7, 25 °C	PMID 15320875	Open record: xylose reductase (CtXR, AKR2B5) variant K274R, D-xylose
xylose reductase (CtXR, AKR2B5)variant K274R	Candida tenuis	NADH	—	0.021	—	pH 7, 25 °C	PMID 15320875	Open record: xylose reductase (CtXR, AKR2B5) variant K274R, NADH
xylose reductase (CtXR, AKR2B5)variant K274R	Candida tenuis	NADPH	—	0.005	—	pH 7, 25 °C	PMID 15320875	Open record: xylose reductase (CtXR, AKR2B5) variant K274R, NADPH
xylose reductase (CtXR, AKR2B5)variant K274R/N276D	Candida tenuis	D-xylosecosubstrate NADH	12	106	0.11 calc.	pH 7, 25 °C	PMID 15320875	Open record: xylose reductase (CtXR, AKR2B5) variant K274R/N276D, D-xylose
xylose reductase (CtXR, AKR2B5)variant K274R/N276D	Candida tenuis	D-xylosecosubstrate NADPH	30	722	0.042 calc.	pH 7, 25 °C	PMID 15320875	Open record: xylose reductase (CtXR, AKR2B5) variant K274R/N276D, D-xylose
xylose reductase (CtXR, AKR2B5)variant K274R/N276D	Candida tenuis	NADH	—	0.041	—	pH 7, 25 °C	PMID 15320875	Open record: xylose reductase (CtXR, AKR2B5) variant K274R/N276D, NADH
xylose reductase (CtXR, AKR2B5)variant K274R/N276D	Candida tenuis	NADPH	—	0.128	—	pH 7, 25 °C	PMID 15320875	Open record: xylose reductase (CtXR, AKR2B5) variant K274R/N276D, NADPH
xylose reductase (CtXR, AKR2B5)variant N276D	Candida tenuis	D-xylosecosubstrate NADH	14	99	0.14 calc.	pH 7, 25 °C	PMID 15320875	Open record: xylose reductase (CtXR, AKR2B5) variant N276D, D-xylose
xylose reductase (CtXR, AKR2B5)variant N276D	Candida tenuis	D-xylosecosubstrate NADPH	37	170	0.22 calc.	pH 7, 25 °C	PMID 15320875	Open record: xylose reductase (CtXR, AKR2B5) variant N276D, D-xylose
xylose reductase (CtXR, AKR2B5)variant N276D	Candida tenuis	NADH	—	0.026	—	pH 7, 25 °C	PMID 15320875	Open record: xylose reductase (CtXR, AKR2B5) variant N276D, NADH